Сноски
1
David Rooney, Ruth Belville: The Greenwich Time Lady (London: National Maritime Museum, 2008), 91.
2
Donald De Carle, British Time (London: C. Lockwood, 1947), 108.
3
Rooney, Ruth Belville, 64.
4
Дэвид Руни, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 4 марта 2016 г.
5
Robert James Forbes, The Conquest of Nature: Technology and Its Consequences (New American Library, 1969), 118.
6
Роберт Левин, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 2 мая 2016 г.
7
A. Roger Ekirch, "The Modernization of Western Sleep: Or, Does Insomnia Have a History?"Past & Present 226, no. 1 (2015): 156.
8
Роджер Икирч, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 22 апреля 2016 г.
9
Ekirch, "Modernization of Western Sleep," 152.
10
Ekirch.
11
Ekirch, 158.
12
Икирч, телефонное интервью.
13
Ekirch.
14
Edward P. Thompson, "Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism,"Past & Present, no. 38 (1967): 82.
15
Примеры этимологии взяты с сайта: www.etymonline.com.
16
Руни, телефонное интервью.
17
Rooney, Ruth Belville, 35.
18
John L. Hunt, "The Handlers of Time: The Belville Family and the Royal Observatory, 1811–1939,"Astronomy & Geophysics 40, no. 1: 1.26.
19
"Taking the Time Round,"Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury (Leeds, UK), December 13, 1943, 2.
20
Hunt, "Handlers of Time," 1.27.
21
Kenneth Charles Barraclough, Benjamin Huntsman, 1704–1776 (Sheffield, UK: Sheffield City Libraries, 1976), 2.
22
Samuel Smiles, Industrial Biography: Iron Workers and Tool Makers (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1864), 136.
23
Kenneth Charles Barraclough, "Swedish Iron and Sheffield Steel,"Transactions of the Newcomen Society 61, no. 1 (1989): 79–80.
24
Smiles, Industrial Biography, 137.
25
Alan Birch, The Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, 1784–1879: Essays in Industrial and Economic History with Special Reference to the Development of Technology (London: Cass, 1967), 301.
26
John Percy, Metallurgy: The Art of Extracting Metals from Their Ores, and Adapting Them to Various Purposes of Manufacture (London: John Murray, 1864), 835.
27
Rooney, Ruth Belville, 99.
28
Stephen Battersby, "The Lady Who Sold Time,"New Scientist 25(2006): 52–53.
29
Rooney, Ruth Belville, 100.
30
Ed Wallace, "They're Men Who Know What Time It Is,"New York World-Telegram, December 23, 1947, 17. ATT.
31
W. R. Topham, "Warren A. Marrison-Pioneer of the Quartz Revolution,"Bulletin of the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, Inc., no. 31 (1989): 126–134.
32
Нэнси Мэррисон, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 24 марта 2016 г.
33
Warren A. Marrison, "Some Facts About Frequency Measurements,"Bell Labs Record 6, no. 6, 386.
34
The World's Most Accurate Public Clock (pamphlet) (New York: American Telephone and Telegraph, 1941), 1. ATT.
35
Мэтью Вольф-Мейер, интервью, взятое автором 2 мая 2016 г.
36
Thomas A. Wehr, "In Short Photoperiods, Human Sleep Is Biphasic,"Journal of sleep research 1, no. 2 (1992), 103–107. 15
37
Икирч, телефонное интервью.
38
Bruce M. Altevogt and Harvey R. Colten, ed. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006), 1.
39
Yinong Chong, Cheryl D Fryer, and Qiuping Gu, "Prescription Sleep Aid Use among Adults: United States, 2005–2010,"NCHS Data Brief, no. 127 (2013): 1–8.
40
Икирч, телефонное интервью.
41
Allan Rechtschaffen et al., "Physiological Correlates of Prolonged Sleep Deprivation in Rats,"Science 221, no. 4606 (1983): 182–184.
42
Michael A. Grandner et al., "Problems Associated with Short Sleep: Bridging the Gap between Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies,"Sleep Medicine Reviews 14, no. 4 (2010): 239–247.
43
Peter Galison, Einstein's Clocks and Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time (W. W. Norton, 2004), 248.
44
Питер Галисон, интервью, взятое автором по скайпу 2 мая 2016 г.
45
"Time's Backward Flight,"The New York Times, November 18, 1883, 3.
46
Carlton Jonathan Corliss, The Day of Two Noons (Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, 1942), 3.
47
"Standard Time,"Harper's Weekly 27, no. 1410 (1883): 843.
48
Galison, Einstein's Clocks, 271.
49
Robert Goffin, Horn of Plenty: The Story of Louis Armstrong (Boston: Da Capo Press, 1947), 17.
50
Fernando Benadon, "Time Warps in Early Jazz,"Music Theory Spectrum 31, no. 1 (2009): 3; email to author, April 3, 2016.
51
Луи Армстронг, интервью, взятое Ральфом Глисоном, Jazz Casual, January 23, 1963, video, 12:52, https://youtu.be/Dc3Vs3q6tiU.
52
Stanley Crouch, Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz (New York: Basic Books, 2009), 211.
53
Джеймс Джонс, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 6 мая 2016 г.
54
John S. Mbiti, African Religions & Philosophy (Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1990), 21.
55
Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Vintage, 1980), 8.
56
Benadon, 6.
57
Дэвид Иглмен, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 25.04.2016.
58
Руни, интервью, взятое автором по телефону.
59
Rooney, Ruth Belville, 62.
60
David Rooney, "Maria and Ruth Belville: Competition for Greenwich Time Supply,"Antiquarian Horology 29, no. 5 (2006): 624.
61
"Gas Lamp Danger: Inquest Warning,"Nottingham Evening Post (Nottingham, UK), December 13, 1943, 1.
62
Fox Photos/Getty Images
63
Собрание The Worshipful Company of Clockmakers', UK / Bridgeman Images
64
Предоставлено Sheffield Archives and Local Studies www.picturesheffield.com
65
Предоставлено AT&T Archives and History Center
66
Victor Searcher, The Farewell to Lincoln (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1965), 97.
67
John Carroll Power, Abraham Lincoln: His Life, Public Services, Death and Great Funeral Cortege, with a History and Description of the National Lincoln Monument, with an Appendix (Springfield, IL: E. A. Wilson & Co., 1873), 120.
68
Power, 26.
69
Power, 132.
70
Henry Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S.: An Autobiography (London: Offices of "Engineering," 1905), 136.
71
Bessemer, 54.
72
R. H. Thurston, "Sir Henry Bessemer: A Biographical Sketch,"Cassier's Magazine, September 1896, 325.
73
S. T. Wellman, "The Story of a Visit to Sir Henry Bessemer: Recollection of the Early History of the Basic Open-Hearth Process,"Scientific American: Supplement, 402.
74
T. J. Lodge, "A Bessemer Miscellany," in Sir Henry Bessemer: Father of the Steel Industry, ed. Colin Bodsworth (London: IOM Communications, 1998): 142.
75
Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S., 139.
76
Bessemer, 304.
77
Thurston, "Sir Henry Bessemer," 329.
78
Bessemer, Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S, 142.
79
Thomas J. Misa, A Nation of Steel (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 8.
80
Bessemer, 143.
81
Bessemer, 144.
82
Robert B. Gordon, "The "Kelly" Converter,"Technology and Culture (1992), 769.
83
Gordon, 770.
84
J. E. Kleber and Kentucky Bicentennial Commission, The Kentucky Encyclopedia (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1992), 485.
85
Gordon, "Kelly Converter," 777.
86
Gordon, 778.
87
William Kelly. Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron. US Patent 17,628, issued June 23, 1857.
88
Gordon, "Kelly Converter," 777.
89
Douglas A. Fisher, The Epic of Steel (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 123; Elting E. Morison, Men, Machines, and Modern Times (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968), 123.
90
Stewart H. Holbrook, Iron Brew (New York: Macmillan Co., 1939), 2.
91
Edmund Quincy, Life of Josiah Quincy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1874), 47.
92
Charles O. Paullin, Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1932), 138A-B.
93
Thomas C. Cochran, "The Social Impact of the Railroad," in The Railroad and the Space Program, ed. Bruce Mazlish (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965), 169.
94
Frank W. Blackmar, Kansas; A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. … With a Supplementary Volume Devoted to Selected Personal History and Reminiscence, vol. 2 (Chicago: Standard Publishing Company, 1912), 536.
95
Ruth S. Cowan, A Social History of American Technology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 117.
96
Fisher, The Epic of Steel, 125.
97
Bruce David Forbes, Christmas: A Candid History (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2008), 17.
98
"Society Out Shopping,"The New York Times, December 25, 1894, 19.
99
Susan G. Davis, "'Making Night Hideous': Christmas Revelry and Public Order in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia,"American Quarterly 34, no. 2 (1982): 187.
100
Davis.
101
Steven Dutch, "Making the Modern World" (lecture, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2014).
102
Penne L. Restad, "Christmas in 19th-Century America,"History Today 45, no. 12 (1995): 17.
103
"Forest of Christmas Trees,"The New York Times, December 17, 1893, 17.
104
Restad, "Christmas in 19th-Century America," 16.
105
"Heavy Christmas Mails,"The New York Times, December 21, 1890, 20.
106
"Home-Made Christmas Presents,"The New York Times, December 24, 1880, 4; Forbes, Christmas, 116.
107
Forbes, Christmas, 127.
108
R. H. Thurston, "The Age of Steel,"Science 3, no. 73 (1884): 792.
109
Library of Congress
110
Chicago History Museum, ICHi-176199
111
Из коллекции Анджелы Питаро
112
Иллюстрации Марка Сабы по материалам Атласа исторической географии США, используется с разрешения
113
Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 8.
114
Robert V. Remini, The Life of Andrew Jackson (New York: Penguin, 1988), 92.
115
Donald R. Hickey, The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict, Bicentennial Edition (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2012), 208.
116
Robin Reilly, The British at the Gates: The New Orleans Campaign in the War of 1812 (New York: Putnam, 1974), 296.
117
Andrew Jackson, "Proclamation: To the Free Colored Inhabitants of Louisiana,"Niles' Weekly Register, December 3, 1814, 205. NOHC.
118
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе его брату Сиднею Морзе от 6 января 1839 г., SFBM-TWO, 115.
119
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе его родителям от 2 мая 1814 г., SFBM-ONE, 132.
120
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе другу спустя месяц после смерти его жены, SFBM-ONE, 268.
121
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе его жене Лукреции Морзе от 10 февраля 1825 г., SFBM-ONE, 264.
122
Письмо от Джедидайи Морзе Сэмюэлу Морзе от 8 февраля 1825 г., SFBM-ONE, 265.
123
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Джедидайе Морзе из Балтимора от 13 февраля 1825 г.; Samuel Irenæus Prime, The Life of Samuel F. B. Morse (New York: Arno Press, 1974), 144.
124
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе своим родителям от 17 августа 1811 г., SFBM-ONE, 41.
125
Prime, The Life of Samuel F. B. Morse, 252.
126
Deposition of Charles T. Jackson, Box 1, Folder 1 SFBM-YUL.
127
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе родителям, написанное в феврале 1801 г., SFBM-ONE, 19.
128
Deposition of Charles T. Jackson.
129
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Фенимору Куреперу от 20 ноября 1849 г., SFBM-TWO, 31.
130
Со слов невестки Морзе, дата не установлена, SFBM-TWO, 21.
131
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе родителям, написанное в апреле 1825 г., SFBM-TWO, 41.
132
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе членам Демократической Ассоциации коренных американцев (Native American Democratic Association) от 6 апреля 1836 г.; Carleton Mabee, The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel F. B. Morse (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943), 170.
133
Kenneth Silverman, Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F. B. Morse (New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010), 399.
134
Письмо от Джедидайи Морзе Сэмюэлу Морзе от 21 февраля 1801 г., SFBM-ONE, 4.
135
Silverman, Lightning Man, 156.
136
Prime, The Life of Samuel F. B. Morse, 303.
137
Silverman, Lightning Man, 165.
138
Stephen Vail, "The Electro-Magnetic Telegraph,"Self Culture, May 1899, 281.
139
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Сиднею Морзе от 25 января 1843 г., SFBM-TWO, 191.
140
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Сиднею Морзе от 30 января 1843 г., SFBM-TWO, 192.
141
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Сиднею Морзе от 30 января 1843 г., SFBM-TWO, 193.
142
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Альфреду Вейлу от 23 февраля 1843 г., SFBM-TWO, 197.
143
Silverman, Lightning Man, 226; Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Сиднею Морзе от 20 января 1844 г., SFBM-TWO, 216.
144
Интервью с Кеннтом Сильверманом, взятое Брайаном Лэмом, Booknotes, C-Span, December 20, 2003, https://www.c-span.org/video/?179914–1/lightning-man-samuel-fb-morse. – 1/lightning-man-samuel-fb-morse.
145
Candice Millard, Destiny of the Republic (New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2011), 182.
146
Ira Rutkow and Arthur M. Schlesinger, James A. Garfield: The American Presidents Series: The 20th President, 1881 (New York: Henry Holt, 2006), 2.
147
"A Great Nation in Grief,"The New York Times, July 3, 1881, 1.
148
"A Great Nation in Grief."
149
Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield: 1877–1882, Vol. 2 (Hamden: Archon Books, 1968), 1184.
150
J. C. Clark, The Murder of James A. Gar field: The President's Last Days and the Trial and Execution of His Assassin (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1993), 132.
151
Millard, Destiny of the Republic, 182.
152
Millard.
153
Millard.
154
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, containing all of the official bulletins, from the date of the shooting to the day of his death, together with the official autopsy, made September 20, 1881, and a diagram showing the course taken by the ball (Washington, DC: Charles A. Wimer, 1881), 6.
155
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 11, 32, 34.
156
Millard, Destiny of the Republic, 213.
157
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 35.
158
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 37.
159
Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield, 1191.
160
The New York Times, July 3, 1881, 1
161
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 65.
162
Millard, Destiny of the Republic, 215.
163
Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield, 1193.
164
Millard, Destiny of the Republic, 217.
165
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 86.
166
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 92.
167
Complete medical record of President Garfield's case, 93.
168
Ироническое название эпохи быстрого экономического роста США после Гражданской войны, происходит от одноименного романа Марка Твена и Чарльза Уорнера. – Прим. пер.
169
Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield, 1198.
170
Millard, Destiny of the Republic, 228.
171
Millard.
172
"Trial of Guiteau,"Watchman and Southron, November 22, 1881, 2.
173
U.S. Congress, House, Electro-Magnetic Telegraphs, HR 713, 25th Cong., 2nd sess., introduced in House April 6, 1838, House Report 753, 9. (Italics are Morse's).
174
David Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 1832–1920 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 83.
175
Mary V. Dearborn, Ernest Hemingway: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 2017), 22.
176
Dearborn, 35
177
Dearborn, 46.
178
Dearborn, 47.
179
Dearborn, 49.
180
Dearborn, 47.
181
Dearborn, 48.
182
"The Star Copy Style," Kansas City Star, https://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/books/article10632716.html.
183
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Альфреду Вейлу от 29 мая 1844 г., Box 1A AV-SI.
184
Menahem Blondheim, News over the Wires: The Telegraph and the Flow of Public Information in America, 1844–1897 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 63.
185
Alfred Vail, The Telegraph Register of the Electro-Magnetic Companies (Washington, DC: John T. Towers, 1849), 10, Box 9, Folder 9 AV-SI.
186
Statistical Notebook of the Western Union Telegraph Company, Box 267, Folder 4 WUTC-SI.
187
Письмо Уильяму Виласу, the Postmaster General, from Norvin Green, the President of Western Union, dated November 17, 1887, Box 204, Folder 1 WUTC-SI.
188
Письмо Уильяму Виласу.
189
Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 75–76.
190
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Альфреду Вейлу от 25 мая 1844 г., Box 1A AV-SI.
191
Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 75.
192
Francis Ormond Jonathan Smith, The Secret Corresponding Vocabulary: Adapted for Use to Morse's Electro-Magnetic Telegraph. (Portland, ME: Thurston, Ilsley & Co., 1845), W1000, Box 9, Folder 7 AV-SI.
193
POTUS – сокращение от Piece Of Totally Useless Shit – кусок бесполезного дерьма, SCOTUS – The Supreme Court of the United States – Верховный суд США. Этимология OK остается спорным вопросом. – Прим. ред.
194
Aluminium – британский вариант, aluminum – американский. – Прим. пер.
195
"Influence of the Telegraph upon Literature,"United States Magazine and Democratic Review 22, no. 119 (1848): 409–413.
196
Письмо Сэмюэла Морзе Альфреду Вейлу от 8 августа 1844 г., Box 1A AV-SI.
197
Naomi Baron, Skype interview by the author, December 13, 2017.
198
Julia Carrie Wong, "Former Facebook Executive: Social Media Is Ripping Society Apart,"Guardian, December 12, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/dec/11/facebook-former-executive-ripping-society-apart.
199
National Portrait Gallery, Лондон
200
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
201
Автор: Марк Саба
202
Открытые источники: Wikipedia; New Haven Free Public Library: CT State Libraries
203
Из коллекции автора
204
Предоставлено Smithsonian Libraries, Вашингтон, округ Колумбия
205
Scientists and Inventors Portrait File, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
206
Отделение труда и промышленности, Национальный музей Американской истории, Смитсоновский институт
207
Специальное хранилище, Университет Вирджинии, Шарлоттсвилль, штат Вирджиния
208
Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872–1882 (Stanford, CA: Department of Art, Stanford University, 1972), 8.
209
"The Stride of a Trotting Horse."Pacific Rural Press (San Francisco, CA), June 22, 1878, 393.
210
"Quick Work," Daily Alta California, April 7, 1873, 1, MUY-SUL.
211
Eadweard Muybridge,131.
212
E. J. Muybridge. Method and Apparatus for Photographing Objects in Motion. US Patent 212,865, filed June 27, 1878, and issued March 4, 1879.
213
Eadweard Muybridge, 22.
214
Eadweard Muybridge, Animals in Motion (New York: Dover Publications, 1957), 21.
215
Letter from Sherman Blake to Walter Miles dated May 6, 1929, Box 1, Folder 5, MUY-SUL.
216
Clipping "Newark Clergyman Invented Camera Film" dated March 30, 1932, HG-NJHS-VF.
217
David Smith, email message to the author, November 7, 2016.
218
"Kodak Film Invented Here,"Newark Sunday Call, September 11, 1898, 1, Box 1, Folder 13, HG-NJHS-PELL.
219
F. C. Beach, "A New Transparent Film,"Anthony's Photographic Bulletin 19, no. 5, 144.
220
"Goodwin's Statement," 30, Box 3, Folder 13, HG-NJHS-PELL.
221
James Terry White, The National Cyclopedia of American Biography (New York: J. T. White & Co., 1893), 378; Samples have been claimed to be sent to Eastman in the typed memo written by Drake & Co. dated October 26,1898, in Box 4, Folder 12 HG-NJHS-PELL.
222
"Kodak Film Invented Here."
223
"Goodwin's Statement," 4.
224
"Goodwin's Statement," 22.
225
"Goodwin's Statement," 32.
226
George E. Helmke, Hannibal Goodwin and the Inve tion of a Base for Rollfilm (North Plainfield: Fleetwood Museum of Art and Photographica, 1990), 5.
227
Elizabeth Brayer, George Eastman: A Biography (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 192.
228
"Kodak Film Invented Here."
229
Handwritten memo written by Russell Everett dated November 11, 1898, Box 1, Folder 13, HG-NJHS-PELL.
230
Письмо Чарльзу Пеллу от Ребекки Гудвин, от 13 января 1901 г., Box 1, Folder 15, HG-NJHS-PELL.
231
Lorna Roth, "Looking at Shirley, the Ultimate Norm: Colour Balance, Image Technologies, and Cognitive Equity,"Canadian Journal of Communication 34, no. 1 (2009):117.
232
Roth, 119.
233
Oliver Chanarin, Skype interview by author, January 13, 2017.
234
Chanarin.
235
John Stauffer, Zoe Trodd, and Celeste-Marie Bernier, Picturing Frederick Douglass: An Illustrated Biography of the Nineteenth Century's Most Photographed American (New York: Liveright Publishing, 2015), 127.
236
Stauffer, Trodd, and Bernier, viii.
237
Marcy J. Dinius, The Camera and the Press: American Visual and Print Culture in the Age of the Daguerreotype (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 227.
238
W. E. B. Du Bois, "Photography,"Crisis, October 1923, 247; Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Epilogue, Picturing Frederick Douglass, 198.
239
Самбо – черномазый, негр (презрит.). – Прим. ред.
240
Roth, "Looking at Shirley," 120.
241
Roth, 119.
242
Roth, 120.
243
Roth, 122.
244
Этот параграф написан на основе интервью с Кэролайн Хантер. Интервью, взятые автором по телефону 21 февраля 2017 г. и 30 октября 2014 г.; интервью с автором в Кембридже, Массачусетс, 13 апреля 2017 г.
245
Интервью, 30 октября 2014 г.
246
Letter from G. R. Dicker to T. J. Brown dated November 9, 1970, Box i77, Folder 1–3, POL-HBS.
247
Brian Lapping, Apartheid: A History (New York: G. Braziller, 1987), 12, 26, 77.
248
Confidential Call Report from Hans J. Jensen to T. H. Wyman dated November 4, 1970, Box i77, Folder 1/3, POL-HBS.
249
Edwin Land, Polaroid Shareholder Meetings 1971, audio tape recording, POL-HBS.
250
Рукописный текст без даты, озаглавленный «Хронология». "Chronology," 1977, Box 79, Folder 2/3, POL-HBS.
251
Polaroid Memo from G. R. Dicker to All Polaroid Employees, dated October 6, 1970, Box 77, Folder 1/2, POL-HBS.
252
Кристофер Нтета, речь от 8 октября 1970 г., Box 80, POL-HBS.
253
Polaroid Memo dated October 7, 1970, from the Polaroid Revolutionary Workers Movement to Edwin Land, Box i78, Folder 1/2, POL-HBS.
254
Бостонское чаепитие (англ. Boston Tea Party) – акция протеста американских колонистов 16 декабря 1773 г., ставшая толчком к началу Американской революции. – Прим. ред.
255
Polaroid Statement dated October 7, 1970, Box i77, Folder 1/2, POL-HBS.
256
Confidential Call Report from Hans J. Jensen to T. H. Wyman dated November 4, 1970, Box i77, Folder 1/3, POL-HBS.
257
"Polaroid Announces 'Experiment' to Help Blacks in South Africa."Harvard Crimson, January 14, 1971.
258
Polaroid Confidential Memo from James Shea to Polaroid Management dated July 25, 1972, Box 78, Folder 2/4, POL-HBS.
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261
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263
Предоставлено Department of Special Collections, Stanford Libraries
264
Использовано с разрешения Kingston Museum and Heritage Services
265
Предоставлено George Eastman Museum
266
© Guardian News & Media Ltd. 2018
267
Предоставлено POLOMAD
268
Сара Льюис, интервью, взятое автором по скайпу 21 февраля 2017 г.; Джеймс Ллойд, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 10 марта 2017 г.
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Hammer, "William Wallace," no. 248: 104.
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Томас Вер, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 14 июля 2016 г.
290
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291
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Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., "Cloud Coverage Acts as an Amplifier for Ecological Light Pollution in Urban Ecosystems,"PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (2011): e17307.
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295
Pierantonio Cinzano, Fabio Falchi, and Christopher D Elvidge, "The First World Atlas of the Artificial Night Sky Brightness,"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 328, no. 3 (2001): 689–707.
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Пол Богард, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 31 августа 2016 г.
297
Сара Льюис, интервью, взятое автором по скайпу 21 февраля 2017 г.
298
Ллойд, интервью, взятое автором по телефону 10 марта 2017 г.
299
Пол Богард, интервью, взятое автором по скайпу 31 августа 2016 г.
300
Трэвис Лонгкор, интервью, взятое автором по скайпу 12 сентября 2016 г.
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Human and Environmental Effects of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Community Lighting.
307
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308
Предоставлено The Derby Historical Society
309
U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Thomas Edison Historical Park
310
Chicago History Museum, ICHi-176200; Фотограф Дэвид Андерсон
311
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312
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347
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348
Предоставлено NASA/JPL–Caltech, использовано с разрешения Джона Касани
349
Gordon Library Archives and Special Collections, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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Коллекция The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York, 2010.4.1123
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Отдел медицины и науки, Национальный музей американской истории, Смитсоновский институт
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