42. T. Wolfe, "Sorry, but your soul just died," Forbes ASAP, December 2, 1996; reprinted in slightly different form in Wolfe, 2000.
43. C. Holden, "Darwin's brush with racism," Science, 292, 2001, p. 1295. Resolution HLS 01–2652, Regular Session, 2001, House Concurrent Resolution No. 74 by Representative Broome.
44. R. Wright, "The accidental creationist," New Yorker, December 13, 1999. Точно так же креационистский Институт Дискавери использовал атаки Левонтина на эволюционную психологию чтобы раскритиковать документальный сериал «Эволюция», вышедший в 2001 году на канале PBS television. www.reviewevolution.com.
45. Rose, 1978.
46. T. Wolfe, "Sorry, but your soul just died," Forbes ASAP, December 2, 1996; В слегка измененном виде перепечатано у Wolfe, 2000.
47. Gould, 1976b.
48. A. Ferguson, "The end of nature and the next man" (Review of F. Fukuyama's The great disruption), Weekly Standard, 1999.
49. See Dennett, 1995, p. 263, for a similar report.
50. E. Smith, "Look who's stalking," New York, February 14, 2000.
51. Alcock, 1998.
52. For example, the articles entitled "Eugenics revisited" (Horgan, 1993), "The new Social Darwinists" (Horgan, 1995), and "Is a new eugenics afoot?" (Allen, 2001).
53. New Republic, April 27, 1998, p. 33.
54. New York Times, February 18, 2001, Week in Review, p. 3.
55. Tooby & Cosmides, 1992, p. 49.
56. Chimps: Montagu, 1973b, p. 4. Heritability of IQ: Kamin, 1974; Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1984, p. 116. IQ as reification: Gould, 1981. Personality and social behavior: Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1984, chap. 9. Sex differences: Lewontin, Rose, & Kamin, 1984, p. 156. Pacific clans: Gould, 1998a, p. 262.
57. Daly, 1991.
58. Alcock, 2001.
59. Buss, 1995; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1999; Etcoff, 1999; Harris, 1998a; Hrdy, 1999; Ridley, 1993; Ridley, 1997; Symons, 1979; Wright, 1994.
60. Plomin et al., 2001.
ЧАСТЬ III. ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА С ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМ ЛИЦОМ
Глава 8. Страх неравенства
1. From The Rambler, no. 60.
2. From the Analects.
3. Charlesworth, 1987; Lewontin, 1982; Miller, 2000b; Mousseau & Roff, 1987; Tooby & Cosmides, 1990.
4. Tooby & Cosmides, 1990.
5. Lander et al, 2001.
6. Bodmer & Cavalli-Sforza, 1970.
7. Tooby & Cosmides, 1990.
8. Patai & Patai, 1989.
9. Sowell, 1994; Sowell, 1995a.
10. Patterson, 1995; Patterson, 2000.
11. Cappon, 1959, pp. 387–392.
12. Seventh Lincoln-Douglas debate, October 15, 1858.
13. Mayr, 1963, p. 649. Современный вариант этого же аргумента с точки зрения эволюционной биологии — Crow, 2002.
14. Chomsky, 1973, pp. 362–363. See also Segerstråle, 2000.
15. For further discussion, see Tribe, 1971.
16. Los Angeles Times poll, December 21, 2001.
17. Nozick, 1974.
18. Gould, 1981, pp. 24–25. For reviews, see Blinkhorn, 1982; Davis, 1983; Jensen, 1982; Rushton, 1996; Samelson, 1982.
19. Putnam, 1973, p. 142.
20. See the consensus statements by Neisser et al., 1996; Snyderman & Rothman, 1988; and Gottfredson, 1997; and also Andreasen et al., 1993; Caryl, 1994; Deary, 2000; Haier et al., 1992; Reed & Jensen, 1992; Thompson et al., 2001; Van Valen, 1974; Willerman et al., 1991.
21. Moore & Baldwin, 1903/1996; Rachels, 1990.
22. Rawls, 1976.
23. Hayek, 1960/1978.
24. Chirot, 1994; Courtois et al., 1999; Glover, 1999.
25. Horowitz, 2001; Sowell, 1994; Sowell, 1996.
26. Lykken et al., 1992.
27. Интервью журналу Boston Phoenix в конце 1970х, цитата пересказана условно. По иронии судьбы сын Уолда Элайя стал радикальным научным автором, как и его отец и мать, биолог Руфь Хаббард.
28. Degler, 1991; Kevles, 1985; Ridley, 2000.
29. Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Gould, 1981.
30. Richards, 1987, p. 533.
31. Glover, 1999; Murphy, 1999.
32. Proctor, 1999.
33. Laubichler, 1999.
34. Обсуждение марксистских геноцидов XX века в сравнении с нацистским холокостом: Besançon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chandler, 1999; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Courtois et al., 1999; Getty, 2000; Minogue, 1999; Shatz, 1999; Short, 1999.
35. Дискуссия об интеллектуальных корнях марксизма в сравнении с интеллектуальными корнями нацизма: Berlin, 1996; Besançon, 1981; Besançon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998; Sowell, 1985. For discussions of the Marxist theory of human nature, see Archibald, 1989; Bauer, 1952; Plamenatz, 1963; Plamenatz, 1975; Singer, 1999; Stevenson & Haberman, 1998; Venable, 1945.
36. See, e.g., Venable, 1945, p. 3.
37. Marx, 1847/1995, chap. 2.
38. Marx & Engels, 1846/1963, part I.
39. Marx, 1859/1979, preface.
40. Marx, 1845/1989; Marx & Engels, 1846/1963.
41. Marx, 1867/1993, vol. 1, p. 10.
42. Marx & Engels, 1844/1988.
43. Glover, 1999, p. 254.
44. Minogue, 1999.
45. Glover, 1999, p. 275.
46. Glover, 1999, pp. 297–298.
47. Courtois et al., 1999, p. 620.
48. See the references cited in notes 34 and 35.
49. Marx quotation from Stevenson & Haberman, 1998, p. 146; Hitler quotation from Glover, 1999, p. 315.
50. Besançon, 1998.
51. Watson, 1985.
52. Tajfel, 1981.
53. Originally in Red Flag (Beijing), June 1, 1958; quoted in Courtois et al., 1999.
Глава 9. Страх невозможности совершенствования
1. The Prelude, Book Sixth, "Cambridge and the Alps," I. Published 1799–1805.
2. Passmore, 1970, epigraph.
3. For example, the Seville Statement on Violence, 1990.
4. "Study says rape has its roots in evolution," Boston Herald, January 11, 2000, p. 3.
5. Thornhill & Palmer, 2001.
6. Brownmiller & Merhof, 1992.
7. Gould, 1995, p. 433.
8. Ну, почти. Художник Джим Джонсон сказал мне, что он, возможно, оклеветал китов. Позже он узнал, что не киты, а морские леопарды убивают пингвинов для забавы.
9. Williams, 1988.
10. Jones, 1999; Williams, 1988.
11. Williams, 1966, p. 255.
12. On the relevance of human nature to morality, see McGinn, 1997; Petrinovich, 1995; Rachels, 1990; Richards, 1987; Singer, 1981; Wilson, 1993.
13. Masters, 1989, p. 240.
14. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1999.
15. Jones, 1997.
16. Daly & Wilson, 1999, pp. 58–66.
17. Science Friday, National Public Radio, May 7, 1999.
18. Singer, 1981.
19. Maynard Smith &Szathmáry, 1997; Wright, 2000.
20. De Waal, 1998; Fry, 2000.
21. Axelrod, 1984; Brown, 1991; Fry, 2000; Ridley, 1997; Wright, 2000.
22. Singer, 1981.
23. Skinner, 1948/1976; Skinner, 1971; Skinner, 1974.
24. Chomsky, 1973.
25. Berlin, 1996; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998.
26. Scott, 1998.
27. Quoted in Scott, 1998, pp. 114–115.
28. Perry, 1997.
29. Harris, 1998a.
30. From a dialogue with Betty Friedan in Saturday Review, June 14, 1975, p. 18, quoted in Sommers, 1994, p. 18.
31. Quoted by Elizabeth Powers, Commentary, January 1, 1997.
32. From a talk at the Cornell University Institute on Women and Work, quoted by C. Young, "The mommy wars," Reason, July 2000.
33. Liza Mundy, "The New Critics," Lingua Franca, 3, September/October 1993, p. 27.
34. "From Carol Gilligan's chair," interview by Michael Norman, New York Times Magazine, November 7, 1997.
35. Letter by Bruce Bodner, New York Times Magazine, November 30, 1997.
36. C. Young, "Where the boys are," Reason, February 2, 2001.
37. Sommers, 2000.
Глава 10. Страх детерминизма
1. Kaplan, 1973, p. 10.
2. E. Felsenthal, "Man's genes made him kill, his lawyers claim," Wall Street Journal, November 15, 1994. The defense was unsuccessful: see "Mobley v. The State," Supreme Court of Georgia, March 17, 1995, 265 Ga. 292, 455 S. E. 2d 61.
3. "Lawyers may use genetics study in rape defense," National Post (Canada), January 22, 2000, p.A8.
4. Jones, 2000; Jones, 1999.
5. Dennett, 1984. See also Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317–362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.
6. Dershowitz, 1994; J. Ellement, "Alleged con man's defense: 'Different' mores," Boston Globe, February 25, 1999; N. Hall, "Metis woman avoids jail term for killing her husband," National Post (Canada), January 20, 1999.
7. B. English, "David Lisak seeks out a dialogue with murderers," Boston Globe, July 27, 2000.
8. M. Williams, "Social work in the city: Rewards and risks," New York Times, July 30, 2000.
9. S. Morse, Review of C. Sandford's Springsteen point blank, Boston Globe, November 19, 1999.
10. M. Udovich, Review of M. Meade's The unruly life of Woody Allen, New York Times, March 5, 2000.
11. L. Franks, Interview with Hillary Clinton, Talk, August 1999.
12. K. Q. Seelye, "Clintons try to quell debate over interview," New York Times, August 5, 1999.
13. Dennett, 1984; Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317–362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.
14. Quoted in Kaplan, 1973, p. 16.
15. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Frank, 1988; Pinker, 1997; Schelling, 1960.
16. Quoted in Kaplan, 1973, p. 29.
17. Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 256.
18. Dershowitz, 1994; Faigman, 1999; Kaplan, 1973; Kirwin, 1997.
19. Rice, 1997.
Глава 11. Страх нигилизма
1. October 22, 1996; reprinted in the English edition of L'Osservatore Romano, October 30, 1996.
2. Macnamara, 1999; Miller, 1999; New-some, 2001; Ruse, 2000.
3. See Nagel, 1970; Singer, 1981.
4. Cummins, 1996; Trivers, 1971; Wright, 1994.
5. Zahn-Wexler et al., 1992.
6. Brown, 1991.
7. Hare, 1993; Lykken, 1995; Mealey, 1995; Rice, 1997.
8. Rachels, 1990.
9. Murphy, 1999.
10. Damewood, 2001.