& Caselli, M. S. (1994). From communication to language in two modalities. Cognitive Development, 9, 23–43. Ozcaliskan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2011). Is there an iconic gesture spurt at 26 months? In G. Stam & M. Ishino (eds.), Integrating gestures: The interdisciplinary nature of gesture (pp. 163–174). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
2. Чтобы узнать больше о том, как ранние жесты предсказывают формирование словарного запаса в будущем, см. Acredolo, L. P., & Goodwyn, S. W. (1988). Symbolic gesturing in normal infants. Child Development, 59, 450–466. Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009). Differences in early gesture explain SES disparities in child vocabulary size at school entry. Science, 323, 951–953. Ozcaliskan, S., Gentner, D., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2014). Do iconic gestures pave the way for children’s early verbs? Applied Psycholinguistics, 35(6), 1143–1162. doi: 10.1017/S0142716412000720. Rowe, M., Ozcaliskan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2008). Learning words by hand: Gesture’s role in predicting vocabulary development. First Language, 28, 185–203.
3. Чтобы узнать больше о том, что слышащие дети не объединяют жесты, см. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Morford, M. (1985). Gesture in early child language: Studies of deaf and hearing children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 31(2), 145–176. О комбинациях жест+речь в раннем детском возрасте, см. Capirci, O., Iverson, J. M., Pizzuto, E., & Volterra, V. (1996). Communicative gestures during the transition to two-word speech. Journal of Child Language, 23, 645–673. de Laguna, G. (1927). Speech: Its function and development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Greeneld, P., & Smith, J. (1976). The structure of communication in early language development. New York: Academic Press. Guillaume, P. (1927). Les debuts de la phrase dans le langage de l’enfant. Journal de Psychologie, 24, 1–25. О том, как появление сочетаний жеста и речи предсказывает переход к сочетаниям артикля и существительного, см. Cartmill, E. A., Hunsicker, D., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2014). Pointing and naming are not redundant: Children use gesture to modify nouns before they modify nouns in speech. Developmental Psychology, 50(6), 1660–1666. doi: 10.1037/a0036003.
4. Чтобы узнать больше о комбинациях речи и жестов, которые подтверждают речь, см. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Morford, M. (1985). Gesture in early child language: Studies of deaf and hearing children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 31(2), 145–176. Greeneld, P., & Smith, J. (1976). The structure of communication in early language development. New York: Academic Press. Masur, E. F. (1982). Mothers’ responses to infants’ object-related gestures: Influences on lexical development. Journal of Child Language, 9, 23–30. Masur, E. F. (1983). Gestural development, dual-directional signaling, and the transition to words. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 12: 93–109. Morford, M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (1992). Comprehension and production of gesture in combination with speech in one-word speakers. Journal of Child Language, 19, 559–580. О том, как появление сочетаний подтверждающего жеста и речи предсказывает переход к фразовой речи, см. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Butcher, C. (2003). Pointing toward two-word speech in young children. In S. Kita (ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp. 85–107). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Iverson, J. M., Capirci, O., Volterra, V., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2008). Learning to talk in a gesture-rich world: Early communication of Italian vs. American children. First Language, 28, 164–181. Iverson, J. M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). Gesture paves the way for language development. Psychological Science, 16, 367–371.
5. Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009). Early gesture selectively predicts later language learning. Developmental Science, 12, 182–187.
6. Ozcaliskan, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2005). Gesture is at the cutting edge of early language development. Cognition, 96, B01–113.
7. Чтобы узнать больше о том, как жесты принимают точку зрения персонажей и предсказывают структуру повествования, см. McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Demir, O. E., Levine, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2015). A tale of two hands: Children’s gesture use in narrative production predicts later narrative structure in speech. Journal of Child Language, 42(3), 662–681.
8. Чтобы узнать больше об интеграции жестов и речи для понимания, см. Morford, M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (1992). Comprehension and production of gesture in combination with speech in one-word speakers. Journal of Child Language, 19, 559–580.
9. Чтобы узнать больше об интеграции жестов и речи для понимания, см. Morford, M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (1992). Comprehension and production of gesture in combination with speech in one-word speakers. Journal of Child Language, 19, 559–580.
10. Чтобы узнать больше о том, как структуры мозга определяют интеграцию жестов и речи, см. Dick, A. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., Hasson, U., Skipper, J., & Small, S. L. (2009). Co-speech gestures influence neural activity in brain regions associated with processing semantic information. Human Brain Mapping, 30(11), 3509–3526. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20774.
11. Demir-Lira, Ö. E., Asaridou, S. S., Beharelle, A. R., Holt, A. E., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Small, S. L. (2018). Functional neuroanatomy of gesture-speech integration in children varies with individual differences in gesture processing. Developmental Science, 21(5), e12648. doi: 10.1111/desc.12648.
12. Чтобы узнать больше о подходящих для обучения моментах, см. Havighurst, R. J. (1953). Human development and education. New York: Longmans, Green.
13. Golinkoff, R. M. (1986). «I beg your pardon?»: The preverbal negotiation of failed messages. Journal of Child Language, 13, 455–476. Shwe, H. I., & Markman, E. M. (1997). Young children’s appreciation of the mental impact of their communicative signals. Developmental Psychology, 33, 630–636.
14. Чтобы узнать больше о реакции взрослых на жесты собеседника и переносе их в речь, см. Beattie, G., & Shovelton, H. (1999). Mapping the range of information contained in the iconic hand gestures that accompany spontaneous speech. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18, 438–462. Driskell, J. E., & Radtke, P. H. (2003). The effect of gesture on speech production and comprehension. Human Factors, 45, 445–454. Goldin-Meadow, S., Kim, S., & Singer, M. (1999). What the teacher’s hands tell the student’s mind about math. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 720–730. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Sandhofer, C. M. (1999). Gesture conveys substantive information about a child’s thoughts to ordinary listeners. Developmental Science, 2, 67–74. Goldin-Meadow, S., & Singer, M. A. (2003). From children’s hands to adults’ ears: Gesture’s role in teaching and learning. Developmental Psychology, 39(3), 509–520. McNeill, D., Cassell, J., & McCullough, K.-E. (1994). Communicative effects of speech-mismatched gestures. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 27, 223–237. Thompson, L. A., & Massaro, D. W. (1986). Evaluation and integration of speech and pointing gestures during referential understanding. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 42, 144–168. О матерях, отвечающих на детские жесты и переводящих их в слова, см. Golinkoff, R. M. (1986). «I beg your pardon?»: The preverbal negotiation of failed messages. Journal of Child Language, 13, 455–476.
15. Чтобы узнать больше об ответах матерей на указывающие жесты детей без речевого сопровождения, см. Goldin-Meadow, S., Goodrich, W., Sauer, E., & Iverson, J. (2007). Young children use their hands to tell their mothers what to say. Developmental Science, 10, 778–785.
16. Olson, J., & Masur, E. (2015). Mothers’ labeling responses to infants’ gestures predict vocabulary outcomes. Journal of Child Language, 1(6), 1–23. doi: 10.1017/S0305000914000828.
17. Чтобы узнать больше об ответах матерей на комбинации жестов и речи у детей, см. Goldin-Meadow, S., Goodrich, W., Sauer, E., & Iverson, J. (2007). Young children use their hands to tell their mothers what to say. Developmental Science, 10, 778–785.
18. Kovacs, A. M., Tauzin, T., Teglas, E., György, G., & Csibra, G. (2014). Pointing as epistemic request: 12-month-olds point to receive new information. Infancy, 19(6), 534–557. doi: 10.1111/infa.12060. Begus, K., & Southgate, V. (2012). Infant pointing serves an interrogative function. Developmental Science, 15(5), 611–617. Lucca, K., & Wilbourn, M. P. (2016). Communicating to learn: Infants’ pointing gestures result in optimal learning. Child Development, 89(3), 941–960.
19. Чтобы узнать больше о том, как размер словарного запаса ребенка, поступающего в школу, влияет на успехи в обучении, см. Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P. (1981). Vocabulary knowledge. In J. Guthrie (ed.), Comprehension and teaching: Research reviews (pp. 77–117). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. О ранних жестах, закладывающих основу будущего словарного запаса, см. Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2009). Differences in early gesture explain SES disparities in child vocabulary size at school entry. Science, 323, 951–953.
20. LeBarton, E. S., Raudenbush, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2015). Experimentally-induced increases in early gesture lead to increases in spoken vocabulary. Journal of Cognition and Development, 16(2), 199–220. doi: 10.1080/15248372.2013.858041.
21. Goodwyn, S., Acredolo, L., & Brown, C. (2000). Impact of symbolic gesturing on early language development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2), 81–103. doi: 10.1023/A:1006653828895. Acredolo, L., & Goodwyn, S. (2002). Baby signs: How to talk with your baby before your baby can talk. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22. Johnston, J. C., Durieux-Smith, A., & Bloom, K. (2005). Teaching gestural signs to infants to advance child development: A review of the evidence. First Language, 25(2), 235–251. doi: 10.1177/0142723705050340. Kirk, E., Howlett, N., Pine, K. J.,