Глава 7. Знакомимся с основными пищевыми группами
Что нам есть?
1. Canada’s Dietary Guidelines. Government of Canada, 2019 (https://food-guide.canada.ca/en/guidelines/).
2. Tарелка здорового питания. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-plate/translations/russian/).
Питание идеальное и реальное
3. Врачи рассказали, почему нельзя есть много мандаринов. “РИА Новости”. 2019 (https://ria.ru/20191126/1561588933.html).
Пищевые группы
4. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (8th ed.). U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and U. S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 (https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/).
5. Agnoli C., Baroni L., Bertini I. et al. Position paper on vegetarian diets from the working group of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017; 27(12): 1037–1052.
6. Sugary Drinks. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-drinks/sugary-drinks/).
Глава 8. Непростые углеводы: злаки, крупы и бобовые
Крупа “Артек” и каша “Дружба”
1. Pereira M. A., Jacobs D. R., Jr, Slattery M. L. et al. The Association of Whole Grain Intake and Fasting Insulin in a Biracial Cohort of Young Adults: The CARDIA Study. CVD prevention: the journal of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology. 1998; 1(3): 231–242.
2. Ludwig D. S., Pereira M. A., Kroenke C. H. et al. Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999; 282(16): 1539–1546.
3. Mozaffarian R. S., Lee R. M., Kennedy M. A. et al. Identifying whole grain foods: A comparison of different approaches for selecting more healthful whole grain products. Public Health Nutrition. 2013; 16(12): 2255–2264.
Углеводы: все сложно
4. Interactive Nutrition Facts Label. U. S. Food and Drug Administration (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/#dietary-fiber). – Больше информации о клетчатке.
5. Thompson S. V., Hannon B. A., An R. et al. Effects of isolated soluble fiber supplementation on body weight, glycemia, and insulinemia in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017; 106: 1514–1528.
Ода клетчатке
6. O’Grady J., O’Connor E. M., Shanahan F. Review article: dietary fiber in the era of microbiome science. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019; 49(5): 506–515.
7. Hills R. D., Pontefract B. A., Mishcon H. R., Black C. A., Sutton S. C., Theberge C. R. Gut microbiome: Profound implications for diet and disease. Nutrients. 2019; 11(7).
8. Dietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet. Mayo Clinic. 2018 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983).
9. FoodData Central. U. S. Department of Agriculture (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/). – Данные о пищевой ценности и содержании питательных веществ в продуктах.
10. Tang G., Wang D., Long J. et al. Meta-analysis of the association between whole grain intake and coronary heart disease risk. American Journal of Cardiology. 2015; 115: 625–629.
11. Aune D., Norat T., Romundstad P. et al. Whole grain and refined grain consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2013; 28: 845–858.
12. Eat wholegrains, vegetables, fruit & beans. World Cancer Research Fund International (https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/recommendations/wholegrains-veg-fruit-beans). – Рекомендации Мирового фонда исследований рака по потреблению цельнозерновых продуктов, овощей, фруктов и бобовых.
Так ли страшен глютен, как его малюют?
13. Schuppan D., Dieterich W. Pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of celiac disease in adults. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-epidemiology-and-clinical-manifestations-of-celiac-disease-in-adults).
14. Singh P., Arora A., Strand T. A. et al. Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2018; 16(6): 823–836.e2.
15. van Berge-Henegouwen G., Mulder C. Pioneer in the gluten free diet: Willem-Karel Dicke 1905–1962, over 50 years of gluten free diet. Gut. 1993; 34(11): 1473–1475.
16. Anderson C., Frazer A., French J. et al. Coeliac disease: gastrointestinal studies and the effect of dietary wheat flour. The Lancet. 1952; 259(6713): 836–842.
17. Sources of Gluten. Celiac Disease Foundation (https://celiac.org/live-gluten-free/glutenfreediet/sources-of-gluten/).
18. Kelly K. P. Diagnosis of celiac disease in adults. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-celiac-disease-in-adults).
19. Ciclitira P. J. Management of celiac disease in adults. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-celiac-disease-in-adults).
20. Shah S., Akbari M., Vanga R. et al. Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014; 109(9): 1304–1311.
21. Gluten-free diet. Mayo Clinic. 2019 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gluten-free-diet/art-20048530?pg=2).
22. Gaesser G., Angadi S. Gluten-free diet: Imprudent dietary advice for the general population? Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012; 112(9): 1330–1333.
Клейковина в черно-белом мире
23. Collin P., Thorell L., Kaukinen K. et al. The safe threshold for gluten contamination in gluten-free products. Can trace amounts be accepted in the treatment of co-eliac disease? Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2004; 19(12): 1277–1283.
24. Silvester J. A., Comino I., Kelly C. P. et al. Most Patients With Celiac Disease on Gluten-Free Diets Consume Measurable Amounts of Gluten. Gastroenterology. 2019; 158(5): 1497–1499.e1.
25. Syage J. A., Green P. H. R., Khosla C. et al. Latiglutenase treatment for celiac disease: symptom and quality of life improvement for seropositive patients on a gluten-free diet. GastroHep. 2019; 1(6): 293–301.
26. Al-Toma A., Volta U., Auricchio R. et al. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2019; 7(5): 583–613.
27. Skodje G. I., Sarna V. K., Minelle I. H. et al.Fructan, Rather Than Gluten, Induces Symptoms in Patients With Self-Reported Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity. Gastroenterology. 2018; 154(3): 529–539.e2.
28. Celiac Disease Microbiome and Metabolomic Study. Massachusetts General Hospital. 2018 (https://www.massgeneral.org/children/celiac-disease/genomic-environmental-microbiome-and-metabolomic-study).
29. Frellick M. No Contradiction: Overweight With Celiac. Medscape. 2019 (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/920728#vp_2).
Как перестать бояться фитатов и полюбить бобовые
30. Legumes and Pulses. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/legumes-pulses/).
31. Rebello C. J., Greenway F. L., Finley J. W. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities. Obesity Reviews. 2014; 15(5): 392–407.
32. Interview with FAO’s Eleonora Dupouy on the International Year of Pulses. The European Food Information Council. 2016 (https://www.eufic.org/en/whats-in-food/article/interview-with-faos-eleonora-dupouy-on-the-international-year-of-pulses).
33. Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. Food Planet Health. Summary Report of the EAT-Lancet Commission. 2019 (https://eatforum.org/content/uploads/2019/01/EAT-Lancet_Commission_Summary_Report.pdf).
34. DASH Eating Plan. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/dash-eating-plan).
35. Kumar V., Sinha A. K., Makkar H. P. S. et al. Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review. Food Chemistry. 2010; 120: 945–959.
36. Naylor T. On the pulse: why beans, peas and lentils are making a comeback. The Guardian. 2018 (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/apr/19/on-the-pulse-why-beans-peas-and-lentils-are-making-a-comeback).
Глава 9. Картошка и бананы
Как банан мир завоевал: суперфуд или отрава?
1. FoodData Central. U. S. Department of Agriculture (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/362759/nutrients). – Данные о пищевой ценности и содержании питательных веществ в бананах.
2. Superfoods or Superhype? Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/superfoods/).
3. Stone D. The Miracle of the Modern Banana. National Geographic. 2016 (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/food/the-plate/2016/08/the-miracle-of-bananas/).
Сладкая парочка – глюкоза и инсулин
4. What is Insulin? Hormone Health Network. 2018 (https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin).
5. Hall K. D., Chen K. Y., Guo J. et al. Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight and obese men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016; 104(2): 324–333.
6. Belluz J. We’ve long blamed carbs for making us fat. What if that’s wrong? Vox. 2018 (https://www.vox.com/2018/2/21/17036004/do-low-carb-diets-work).
7. Levine J., Baukol P., Pavlidis I. The energy expended in chewing gum. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999; 341(27): 2100.
Гликемический индекс
8. Resistant starch. British Nutrition Foundation (https://www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritionscience/nutrients-food-and-ingredients/resistant-starch.html).
9. Glycaemic index and diabetes. The British Diabetic Association (https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/carbohydrates-and-diabetes/glycaemic-index-and-diabete).
10. Atkinson F. S., Foster-Powell K., Brand-Miller J. C. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes care. 2008; 31(12): 2281–2283.
11. Matthan N. R., Ausman L. M., Meng H. et al. Estimating the reliability of glycemic index values and potential sources of methodological and biological variability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016; 104(4): 1004–1013.
12. Glycemic index diet: What’s behind the claims. Mayo Clinic. 2017 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/glycemic-index-diet/art-20048478).
13. Ellis E. What Is Glycemic Index? Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019 (https://www.eatright.org/food/nutrition/dietary-guidelines-and-myplate/what-is-glycemic-index).
14. The lowdown on glycemic index and glycemic load. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/the-low-down-on-glycemic-index-and-glycemic-load).
Средиземноморский стиль питания
15. Nutrition and healthy eating. Mayo Clinic. 2019 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/basics/nutrition-basics/hlv-20049477).
16. Boseley S. What actually is the Mediterranean diet – and does it work? The Guardian. 2016 (https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/02/mediterranean-diet-obesity-health-way-of-eating).
17. Colditz G. Healthy diet in adults. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/healthy-diet-in-adults#H24).
18. Rees K., Takeda A., Martin N. et al. Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2019.
19. Syrek R. Trending Clinical Topics for January 2018. Medscape. 2018 (https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/888259_2).
Новая скандинавская диета
20. Mithril C., Dragsted L. O., Meyer C. et al. Guidelines for the New Nordic Diet. Public Health Nutrition. 2012; 15(10): 941–1947.
21. Mithril C., Dragsted L. O., Meyer C. et al. Dietary composition and nutrient content of the New Nordic Diet. Public Health Nutrition. 2013; 16(5): 777–785.
22. Poulsen S. K., Due A., Jordy A. B. et al. Health effect of the New Nordic Diet in adults with increased waist circumference: a 6-mo randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 99(1): 35–45.
23. Astrup A. The New Nordic Diet – from Gastronomy to Health. Coursera (https://www.coursera.org/learn/new-nordic-diet).
Этот удивительный мир растений
24. Холмс Б. Вкус. Наука о самом малоизученном человеческом чувстве. М.: “Альпина Паблишер”, 2018.
25. Rickman J. C., Barrett D. M., Bruhn C. M. Nutritional comparison of fresh, frozen and canned fruits and vegetables. Part 1. Vitamins C and B and phenolic compounds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2007; 87(6): 930–944.
26. Rabin R. C. Are Frozen Fruits and Vegetables as Nutritious as Fresh? The New York Times. 2016 (https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/11/18/are-frozen-fruits-and-vegetables-as-nutritious-as-fresh/).
Выбираем вкусные и спелые плоды
27. Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses, Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops: A Training Manual (FAO Training Series). Rome (Italy): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1989.
28. Naeve L. Store Fresh Garden Produce Properly. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. 2016 (https://www.extension.iastate.edu/smallfarms/store-fresh-garden-produce-properly).
29. Zhang B., Tieman D. M., Jiao C. et al. Chilling-induced tomato flavor loss is associated with altered volatile synthesis and transient changes in DNA methylation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016; 113(44): 12580–12585.
Карамелины, карамелены, карамеланы!
30. Drewnowski A., Gomez-Carneros C. Bitter taste, phytonutrients, and the consumer: a review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000; 72(6): 1424–1435.
31. Jaggupilli A., Howard R., Upadhyaya J. D. et al. Bitter taste receptors: Novel insights into the biochemistry and pharmacology. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 2016; 77: 184–196.
32. Cuenca L. The Bittersweet Truth of Sweet and Bitter Taste Receptors. Science in the News. 2013 (http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/the-bittersweet-truth-of-sweet-and-bitter-taste-receptors/).
33. Pollan M. Cooked Summary and Review. Lifeclub (https://lifeclub.org/books/cooked-michael-pollan-review-summary).
34. What is the Caramelization? Science of Cooking (https://www.scienceofcooking.com/caramelization.htm).
35. Parker-Pope T. Ask Well: Does Boiling or Baking Vegetables Destroy Their Vitamins? The New York Times. 2013 (https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/ask-well-does-boiling-or-baking-vegetables-destroy-their-vitamins/).
Глава 10. Сахар в вопросах и ответах
Сладкий яд или нет?
1. Sugar: the facts. NHS. 2018 (https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-does-sugar-in-our-diet-affect-our-health/).
2. Popkin B. M., Hawkes C. Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: patterns, trends, and policy responses. The Lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2016; 4(2): 174–186.
3. Ng S. W., Slining M. M., Popkin B. M. Use of caloric and noncaloric sweeteners in US consumer packaged foods, 2005–2009. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012; 112(11): 1828–34.e346.
4. Кирасирова А. Вместо сахара: обзор натуральных альтернатив. Vegetarian Journal (https://vegjournal.com/pitanie/poleznye-produkty/1447-vmesto-sakhara-obzor-naturalnykh-alternativ.html).
5. Gardner B., Lally P., Wardle J. Making health habitual: The psychology of ‘hab it – formation’ and general practice. British Journal of General Practice. 2012; 62(605): 664–666.
Краткая история сахара от Колумба до Наполеона
6. Smith A. F. Sugar: A Global History. Reaktion Books, 2015.
7. Ponting C. World History: A New Perspective. London: Chatto & Windus, 2000.
8. Miller J. C. The Transatlantic Slave Trade. Encyclopedia Virginia. 2018 (https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Transatlantic_Slave_Trade_The).
9. What is Sugar? European Association of Sugar Manufacturers (https://cefs.org/sugar/).
10. Сахар свекловичный и тростниковый. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона (https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Сахар_свекловичный_и_тростниковый).
11. WHO calls on countries to reduce sugars intake among adults and children. WHO. 2015 (https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/sugar-guideline/en/). – Рекомендации ВОЗ сократить потребление добавленных сахаров.
12. Know Your Limit for Added Sugars. CDC. 2019 (https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/ data-statistics/know-your-limit-for-added-sugars.html).
13. Azaïs-Braesco V., Sluik D., Maillot M. et al. A review of total & added sugar intakes and dietary sources in Europe. Nutrition journal. 2017; 16(1): 6.
Глюкоза для эгоистичного мозга
14. Vera L. A., Wooding S. P. Taste: Links in the Chain from Tongue to Brain. Frontiers for Young Minds. 2017 (https://kids.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frym.2017.00033).
15. Steiner J. E. Discussion paper: innate, discriminative human facial expressions to taste and smell stimulation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1974; 237(1 Odors): 229–233.
16. Steiner J. E., Glaser D., Hawilo M. E., Berridge K. C. Comparative expression of hedonic impact: Affective reactions to taste by human infants and other primates. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2001; 25(1): 53–74.
17. Breastmilk composition. The Australian Breastfeeding Association. 2017 (https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastmilk-composition).
18. Lee A. A., Owyang C. Sugars, Sweet Taste Receptors, and Brain Responses. Nutrients. 2017; 9(7): 653.
19. Mergenthaler P., Lindauer U., Dienel G. A., Meisel A. Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function. Trends in neurosciences. 2013; 36(10): 587–597.
20. Berg J. M., Tymoczko J. L., Stryer L. Section 30.2. Each Organ Has a Unique Metabolic Profile // Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman, 2002. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22436/).
21. Benton D., Owens D. S., Parker P. Y. Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults. Neuropsychologia. 1994; 32(5): 595–607.
22. Donohoe R. T., Benton D. Cognitive functioning is susceptible to the level of blood glucose. Psychopharmacology. 1999; 145(4): 378–385.
23. Glucose and The Brain: Improving Mental Performance. The European Food Information Council. 2013 (https://www.eufic.org/en/whats-in-food/article/glucose-and-mental-performance).
На сахарной игле?
24. Brownell K. D., Walsh B. T. Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press, 2018.
25. Siep N., Roefs A., Roebroeck A. Hunger is the best spice: An fMRI study of the effects of attention, hunger and calorie content on food reward processing in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Behavioral Brain Research. 2009; 198(1): 149–158.
26. Freeman C. R., Zehra A., Ramirez V. et al. Impact of sugar on the body, brain, and behavior. Frontiers in Bioscience – Landmark. 2018; 23(12): 2255–2266.
27. Blood A. J., Zatorre R. J. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001; 98(20): 11818–11823.
28. NeuroFAST consensus opinion on food addiction. NeuroFAST. 2013 (https://neurofast.gu.se/consensus).
29. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
30. Wiss D. A., Avena N., Rada P. Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2018; 9: 545.
31. Gordon E. L., Ariel-Donges A. H., Bauman V., Merlo L. J. What Is the Evidence for “Food Addiction?” A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2018; 10(4): 477.
32. Marx R. New in the DSM-5: Binge Eating Disorder. National Eating Disorders Association. 2014 (https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/new-dsm-5-binge-eating-disorder).
33. Westwater M. L., Fletcher P. C., Ziauddeen H. Sugar addiction: the state of the science. European journal of nutrition. 2016; 55(Suppl. 2): 55–69.
34. Mann T. No, Sugar Isn’t the New Heroin. Behavioral Scientist. 2017 (https://behavioralscientist.org/no-sugar-isnt-new-heroin/).
Когда сахара слишком много
35. Руководство по потреблению сахаров взрослыми и детьми. ВОЗ, 2015 (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/155735/WHO_NMH_NHD_15.2_rus.pdf).
36. How does sugar in our diet affect our health? NHS. 2018 (https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-does-sugar-in-our-diet-affect-our-health/).
37. Duryea T. K. Dietary recommendations for toddlers, preschool, and school-age children. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dietary-recommendations-for-toddlers-preschool-and-school-age-children#H22).
38. How Sweet Is It? Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-drinks/sugary-drinks/how-sweet-is-it/).
39. Malik V. S., Popkin B. M., Bray G. A., Després J. P., Willett W. C., Hu F. B. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2010; 33(11): 2477–2483.
40. Imamura F., O’Connor L., Ye Z. et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. BMJ. 2015; 351: h3576.
41. Sugary Drinks. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-drinks/sugary-drinks/).
42. Evert A. B., Boucher J. L., Cypress M. et al. Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for the Management of Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(Suppl. 1): S120–S143.
43. Vos M. B., Kaar J. L., Welsh J. A. et al. Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017; 135(19): e1017–e1034.
Сладость без калорий
44. Les Français et le savonnage des mains après être allé aux toilettes. BVA. 2015 (https://www.bva-group.com/sondages/les-francais-et-le-savonnage-des-mains-apres-etre-alle-aux-toilettes/).
45. Hicks J. The Pursuit of Sweet. Science History Institute. 2010 (https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/the-pursuit-of-sweet).
46. Selim J. The Chemistry of Artificial Sweeteners. Discover. 2005 (https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/the-chemistry-of-artificial-sweeteners).
47. Additional Information about High-Intensity Sweeteners Permitted for Use in Food in the United States. FDA. 2018 (https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states). – Дополнительная информация о некалорийных подсластителях на сайте FDA.
48. Toews I., Lohner S., Küllenberg de Gaudry D., Sommer H., Meerpohl J. J. Association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners and health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2019; 364: k4718.
49. Imamura F., O’Connor L., Ye Z. et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. British journal of sports medicine. 2016; 50(8): 496–504.
50. Garner C. D. Nutrition in pregnancy. UpToDate. 2019 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nutrition-in-pregnancy).
51. The truth about sweeteners. NHS. 2019 (https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/are-sweeteners-safe/).
52. Low-calorie sweeteners. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health (https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-drinks/artificial-sweeteners/).
53. Drouin-Chartier J.-P., Zheng Y., Li Y. et al. Changes in Consumption of Sugary Beverages and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Three Large Prospective U. S. Cohorts of Women and Men. Diabetes Care. 2019; dc190734.