Глава 15. Мифы о спиртном
Что такое алкоголь?
1. Словарь терминов, относящихся к алкоголю, наркотикам и другим психоактивным средствам. Женева: ВОЗ, 1994 (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/39461/9241544686_rus.pdf).
2. Cederbaum A. I.Alcohol metabolism. Clinics in liver disease. 2012; 16(4): 667–685.
3. Alcohol Metabolism: An Update. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2007 (https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm). – Дополнительная информация о метаболизме алкоголя и последствиях его употребления для здоровья.
4. What are the effects of alcohol? Australian Government Department of Health. 2020 (https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol/about-alcohol/what-are-the-effects-of-alcohol).
5. Mukamal K. J. Overview of the risks and benefits of alcohol consumption. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-risks-and-benefits-of-alcohol-consumption).
6. Møller L. Q&A – How can I drink alcohol safely? WHO (http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/alcohol-use/data-and-statistics/q-and-a-how-can-i-drink-alcohol-safely).
7. Limit alcohol consumption. World Cancer Research Fund International (https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/recommendations/limit-alcohol-consumption).
Один дринк, два дринка, три дринка
8. Standard drinks guide. Australian Government Department of Health. 2019 (https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol/about-alcohol/standard-drinks-guide).
9. What’s In Your Drink? DRINKiQ (https://www.drinkiq.com/en-ca/whats-in-your-drink/). – Дополнительная информация о том, сколько алкоголя содержится в том или ином напитке.
10. How much alcohol is safe to drink? Australian Government Department of Health. 2020 (https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol/about-alcohol/how-much-alcohol-is-safe-to-drink).
11. Tetrault J. M., O’Connor P. G. Risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risky-drinking-and-alcohol-use-disorder-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-assessment-and-diagnosis).
12. Официальные данные и статистика по тяжелому эпизодическому пьянству в ЕС. ВОЗ (http://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/disease-prevention/alcohol-use/data-and-statistics).
13. Alcohol Metabolism: An Update. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 2007 (https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm).
14. Preventing violence by reducing the availability and harmful use of alcohol. WHO. 2009 (https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/alcohol.pdf).
15. Вы слишком много пьете? Оцените свое потребление алкоголя с помощью теста AUDIT. ВОЗ (http://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/disease-prevention/alcohol-use/data-and-statistics/q-and-a-how-can-i-drink-alcohol-safely/do-you-drink-too-much-test-your-own-alcohol-consumption-with-the-audit-test).
“Пьяной горечью Фалерна…”
16. Valverde M. New research says drinking wine is more important than exercise for living past 90. Politifact. 2019 (https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/feb/01/blog-posting/no-study-doesnt-say-drinking-wine-more-important-e/).
17. Degenhardt L., Charlson F., Ferrari A. et al. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. Psychiatry. 2018; 5(12): 987–1012.
18. Shmerling R. H. Alcohol and your health: Is none better than a little? Harvard Medical School. 2018 (https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/alcohol-and-your-health-is-none-better-than-a-little-2018091914796).
19. Wannamethee G., Shaper A. G. Men who do not drink: a report from the British Regional Heart Study. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1988; 17(2): 307–316.
20. Stockwell T., Zhao J., Panwar S., Roemer A., Naimi T., Chikritzhs T. Do “Moderate” Drinkers Have Reduced Mortality Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and All-Cause Mortality. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs. 2016; 77(2): 185–198.
Средство от похмелья и другие мифы
21. Cox D. Everything you ever wanted to know about hangovers (but were too queasy to ask). The Guardian. 2016 (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/dec/12/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-hangovers).
22. Hangovers. Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. 2017 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hangovers/symptoms-causes/syc-20373012).
23. Hangovers. Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. 2017 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hangovers/symptoms-causes/syc-20373012).
24. Sizer F., Whitney E. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies (13th ed.). Brooks Cole, 2013.
Глава 16. Губит людей вода
Водное равновесие
1. Paque C. Water consumption in Saharan nomads. A remarkably reduced and constant consumption. La Nouvelle Presse Medicale. 1976; 5(32): 2087–2090.
2. Recommended Dietary Allowances. Reprint and Circular Series of the National Research Council. 1945; 122: 3–18.
3. Гайтон А., Холл Дж. Медицинская физиология. М: “Логосфера”, 2008.
4. Armstrong L. E., Johnson E. C. Water Intake, Water Balance, and the Elusive Daily Water Requirement. Nutrients. 2018; 10(12): 1928.
5. Picco M. F. Nutrition and healthy eating. Does drinking water during or after a meal disturb digestion? Mayo Clinic. 2018 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/digestion/faq-20058348).
Сколько нужно пить?
6. Hydration Calculator. Hydration for health. 2018 (https://www.hydrationforhealth.com/en/hydration-tools/hydration-calculator/).
7. Valtin H. “Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.” Really? Is there scientifiс evidence for “8 x 8”? American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2002; 283(5): R993–R1004.
8. Sterns R. H. Etiology and evaluation of hypernatremia in adults. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/healthy-diet-in-adults#H24).
9. Stachenfeld N. S., DiPietro L., Nadel E. R., Mack G. W. Mechanism of attenuated thirst in aging: role of central volume receptors. The American Journal of Physiology. 1997; 272(1 Pt 2): R148–R157.
10. Urine color. Mayo Clinic. 2017 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urine-color/symptoms-causes/syc-20367333).
Пытки водой отменяются
11. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.
12. Rosner M. H., Hew-Butler T. Exercise-associated hyponatremia. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/exercise-associated-hyponatremia).
13. Sharma S. London Marathon Medical Advice. London marathon events. 2019 (https://www.virginmoneylondonmarathon.com/en-gb/final-instructions/medical-advice/).
14. Lee L. C., Noronha M. When plenty is too much: water intoxication in a patient with a simple urinary tract infection. BMJ case reports. 2016; bcr2016216882.
15. Wolf R., Wolf D., Rudikof D., Parish L. Nutrition and water: drinking eight glasses of water a day ensures proper skin hydration – myth or reality? Clinics in Dermatology. 2010; 28(4): 380–383.
16. Williams S., Krueger N., Davids M. et al. Effect of fluid intake on skin physiology: distinct differences between drinking mineral water and tap water. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2007; 29(2): 131–138.
17. Buschmann M., Steiniger J., Hille U. et al. Water-Induced Thermogenesis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003; 88(12): 6015–6019.
18. Perreault L., Apovian C. Obesity in adults: Overview of management. UpTo-Date. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-in-adults-overview-of-management).
19. What is energy density? British Nutrition Foundation. 2018 (https://www.nutrition.org.uk/healthyliving/fuller/what-is-energy-density.html). – Дополнительная информация об энергетической плотности продуктов и блюд.
20. Bertrais S., Galan P., Renault N. et al. Consumption of soup and nutritional intake in French adults: Consequences for nutritional status. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2001; 14(2): 121–128.
21. Zhu Y., Hollis J. Soup consumption is associated with a lower dietary energy density and a better diet quality in US adults. British Journal of Nutrition. 2014; 111(8): 1474–1480.
22. Rethink Your Drink. CDC. 2015 (https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/drinks.html).
Глава 17. Витамания
Осенний (зимний, весенний) авитаминоз. (Спойлер: вряд ли.)
1. Dr. Derek Muller – Presenter. Vitamania (https://www.vitamaniathemovie.com/derek-muller/). – Дополнительная информация об австралийском научном журналисте Дереке Мюллере, авторе документального фильма “Витамания”.
2. Scott J. M., Molloy A. M. The discovery of vitamin B12. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2012; 61: 239–245.
3. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition: report (2d ed.). Geneva: WHO, 2004 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42716/1/9241546123.pdf).
4. Lanham-New S., Gallagher A., Vorster H. H. et al. Introduction to human nutrition (3d ed.). Wiley-Blackwell: The Nutrition Society Textbook, 2019.
5. Chapter 6. Vitamin C // Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Rome: WHO, FAO, 2001 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y2809e/y2809e0c.htm).
Истинная правда о витаминах
6. Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. NIH. 2019 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-HealthProfessional/).
7. Cooperman T. Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplements Review. Consum-erLab.com. 2020 (https://www.consumerlab.com/reviews/multivitamin_review_comparisons/multivitamins/).
8. Fortmann S. P., Burda B. U., Senger C. A. et al. Vitamin and mineral supplements in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: An updated systematic evidence review for the U.S. preventive services task force. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013; 159: 824–834.
9. Macpherson H., Pipingas A., Pase M. P. Multivitamin-multimineral supplementation and mortality: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013; 97(2): 437–444.
10. Khan S. U., Khan M. U., Riaz H. et al. Effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on cardiovascular outcomes. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2019; 171: 190–198.
Жирорастворимые и водорастворимые
11. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of vitamin A. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-a).
12. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of water-soluble vitamins. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins).
13. Essential Nutrition Actions: improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/84409/1/9789241505550_eng.pdf).
14. Прайс К. Витамания. История нашей одержимости витаминами. М.: “Манн, Иванов и Фербер”, 2015.
Таблетка или морковка?
15. Probst, Yasmine. University of Wollongong (https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/yasmine_probst).
16. Guallar E., Stranges S., Mulrow C. et al. Enough is enough: Stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013; 159: 850–851.
17. Supplements: Nutrition in a pill? Mayo Clinic. 2017 (https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/supplements/art-20044894).
18. Поллан М. Философия еды. Правда о питании. Как нам, Homo sapiens, питаться, чтобы быть предельно здоровыми. М.: “Астрель”, 2013.
Когда добавки пригодятся
19. Dietary Supplements for Toddlers. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2017 (https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Dietary-Supplements-for-Toddlers.aspx).
20. Vitamins for children. Your pregnancy and baby guide. NHS. 2018 (https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/vitamins-for-children/).
21. Bailey R. L., Fulgoni V. L. 3rd, Keast D. R. et al. Do dietary supplements improve micronutrient sufficiency in children and adolescents? The Journal of pediatrics. 2012; 161(5): 837–842.
22. Manson J. E, Bassuk S. S. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: What Clinicians Need to Know. JAMA. 2018; 319(9): 859–860.
23. Nutrition During Pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/nutrition-during-pregnancy).
24. Folic Acid. CDC. 2018 (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/folicacid/about.html).
25. Национальная программа “Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции”. М.: “ПедиатрЪ”, 2018.
26. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s): Vitamin K and the Vitamin K Shot Given at Birth. CDC. 2019 (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/faqs.html).
27. Остеопороз. Клинические рекомендации. Минздрав РФ. 2016 (https://www.endocrincentr.ru/sites/default/files/specialists/science/clinic-recomendations/rec_osteopor_12.12.16.pdf).
28. Kushner R. F., Cummings S., Herron D. M. Bariatric surgery: Postoperative nutritional management. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bariatric-surgery-postoperative-nutritional-management).
29. Brown W. Should you take a multivitamin? Examine.com. 2019 (https://examine.com/nutrition/do-you-need-a-multivitamin/).
Муки выбора
30. Manson J. E, Bassuk S. S. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: What Clinicians Need to Know. JAMA. 2018; 319(9): 859–860.
31. Rosenbloom M. Vitamin Toxicity. Medscape. 2017 (https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819426-overview).
32. Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. NIH. 2019 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MVMS-HealthProfessional/).
33. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of vitamin A. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-a).
34. Whitbread D. Top 10 Foods Highest in Beta Carotene. MyFoodData. 2020 (https://www.myfooddata.com/articles/natural-food-sources-of-beta-carotene.php).
35. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of vitamin D. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-d).
36. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of vitamin E. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-e).
37. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L. Overview of water-soluble vitamins. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins).
38. Iron. NIH. 2020 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/).
39. Pazirandeh S., Burns D. L., Griffin I. J. Overview of dietary trace elements. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-dietary-trace-elements).
40. Sizer F., Whitney E. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies (13th ed.). Brooks Cole, 2013.
Восходящая звезда – витамин D
41. Vitamin D. NIH. 2020 (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/).
42. A dose of vitamin D history. Nature Structural Biology. 2002; 9(2): 77.
43. Manson J. A. E., Brannon P. M., Rosen C. J. et al. Vitamin D Deficiency – Is There Really a Pandemic? New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 375: 1817–1820.
44. Szabo L. The Man Who Sold America On Vitamin D – And Profited in the Process. Medscape. 2018 (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/901146).
45. Дефицит витамина D у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. Минздрав РФ. 2016 (https://rae-org.ru/system/files/documents/pdf/kr342_deficit_vitamina_d_u_vzroslyh.pdf).
46. Irwig M. S., Kyinn M., Shefa M. C. Financial conflicts of interest among authors of Endocrine society clinical practice guidelines. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2018; 103(12): 4333–4338.
47. Manson J. E., Cook N. R., Lee I. M. et al. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2019; 380(1): 33–44.
48. Owusu J. E., Islam S., Katumuluwa S. S.et al. Cognition and Vitamin D in Older African-American Women – Physical performance and Osteoporosis prevention with vitamin D in older African Americans Trial and Dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2019; 67(1): 81–86.
49. Pittas A. G., Dawson-Hughes B., Sheehan P. et al. Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019; 381(6): 520–530.
50. Bolland M. J., Grey A., Avenell A. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2018; 6(11): 847–858.
51. The D-Health trial. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute. 2019 (https://dhealth.qimrberghofer.edu.au/page/About/).
Показания и противопоказания
52. Spedding S. Vitamins are more Funky than Casimir thought. The Australasian medical journal. 2013; 6(2): 104–106.
53. Rooney M. R., Harnack L., Michos E. D. et al. Trends in Use of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplements Exceeding 1000 or 4000 International Units Daily, 1999–2014. JAMA. 2017; 317(23): 2448–2450.
54. Burt L. A., Billington E. O., Rose M. S. et al. Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019; 322(8): 736–745.
55. Витамин D. Большой скачок. “Наука 2.0”. 2019 (https://youtu.be/MVlzj_B4dWc).
56. Giustina A., Adler R. A., Binkley N. et al. Controversies in Vitamin D: Summary Statement from an International Conference. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2019; 104(2): 234–240.
57. Dietary reference values for vitamin D. EFSA Journal. 2016; 14(10): e04547.
58. Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D deficiency in adults: Definition, clinical manifestations, and treatment. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vitamin-d-deficiency-in-adults-definition-clinical-manifestations-and-treatment).
59. Петрушкина А. А., Пигарова Е. А., Рожинская Л. Я. Эпидемиология дефицита витамина D в Российской Федерации. “Остеопороз и остеопатии”. 2018; 21(3): 15–20.
60. Drezner M. K. Causes of vitamin D deficiency and resistance. UpToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-and-resistance).
Все принимайте витамин!
61. Vitamin D deficiency in children. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2016 (https://cks.nice.org.uk/vitamin-d-deficiency-in-children).
62. Vitamin D deficiency in adults – treatment and prevention. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2018 (https://cks.nice.org.uk/vitamin-d-deficiency-in-adults-treatment-and-prevention).
63. Дефицит витамина D у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. Минздрав РФ. 2016 (https://rae-org.ru/system/files/documents/pdf/kr342_deficit_vitamina_d_u_vzroslyh.pdf).
64. Magritt Brustad. UiT The Arctic University of Norway (https://en.uit.no/ansatte/person?p_document_id=42107).
65. Taylor C. L., Patterson K. Y., Roseland J. M. et al. Including food 25-hy-droxyvitamin D in intake estimates may reduce the discrepancy between dietary and serum measures of vitamin D status. The Journal of nutrition. 2014; 144(5): 654–659.
66. Misra M. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children and adolescents. Up-ToDate. 2020 (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vitamin-d-insufficiency-and-deficiency-in-children-and-adolescents).
67. Нурлыгаянов Р. З., Сыртланова Э. Р. Распространенность дефицита витамина D у лиц старше 50 лет, постоянно проживающих в Республике Башкортостан, в период минимальной инсоляции. “Остеопороз и остеопатии”. 2012; 3: 7–9.
68. Нурлыгаянов Р. З., Сыртланов Э. Р., Минасов Т. Б. и др. Уровень витамина D у лиц старше 50 лет, постоянно проживающих в Республике Башкортостан, в период максимальной инсоляции. “Остеопороз и остеопатии”. 2015; 1: 7–9.