получают психологическую выгоду: E. M. Seabrook, M. L. Kern, and N. S. Rickard, «Social Networking Sites, Depression, and Anxiety: A Systematic Review,» JMIR Mental Health 3 (2016): e50, https://doi.org/10.2196/mental5842.
186 приводят к депрессии: J. Davila et al., «Frequency and Quality of Social Networking Among Young Adults: Associations with Depressive Symptoms, Rumination, and Corumination,» Psychology of Popular Media Culture 1 (2012): 72–86.
186 психологическим и поведенческим проблемам: C. Berryman, C. J. Ferguson, and C. Negy, «Social Media Use and Mental Health Among Young Adults,» Psychiatric Quarterly 89 (2018): 307–14, and C. J. Ferguson, «Everything in Moderation: Moderate Use of Screens Unassociated with Child Behavior Problems,» Psychiatric Quarterly 88 (2017): 797–805.
186 уже страдающие от неуверенности: B. A. Feinstein et al., «Negative Social Comparison on Facebook and Depressive Symptoms: Rumination as a Mechanism,» Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2 (2013): 161–70, https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033111.
186 ознакомившись с исследованиями соцсетей: C. J. Ferguson, «The Devil Wears Stata: Thin-Ideal Media’s Minimal Contribution to Our Understanding of Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders,» Archives of Scientific Psychology 6 (2018): 70–79.
186 метаанализ исследований: C. J. Ferguson, «In the Eye of the Beholder: Thin-Ideal Media Affects Some, but Not Most, Viewers in a Meta-analytic Review of Body Dissatisfaction in Women and Men,» Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2 (2013): 20–37.
186 социальные нормы в интернете: E. M. Bryant and J. Marmo, «The Rules of Facebook Friendship: A Two-Stage Examination of Interaction Rules in Close, Casual, and Acquaintance Friendships,» Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 29 (2012): 1013–35.
186 чувства пользователей: L. Reinecke and S. Trepte, «Authenticity and Well-Being on Social Network Sites: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Online Authenticity and the Positivity Bias in SNS Communication,» Computers in Human Behavior 30 (2014): 95–102, and N. N. Bazarova, «Public Intimacy: Disclosure Interpretation and Social Judgments on Facebook,» Journal of Communication 62 (2012): 815–32.
187 список самых пересылаемых статей: J. A. Berger and K. L. Milkman, «What Makes Online Content Viral?» December 5, 2009, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1528077 or https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1528077.
187 измеряющим социальную шумиху: E. B. Falk, S. A. Morelli, B. L. Welborn, K. Dambacher, and M. D. Lieberman, «Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message Propagation,» Psychological Science 24 (2013): 1234–42.
187 «пишут ужасные»: интервью с Питером Шердином Доддсом, цитируемое в J. Tierney, «According to the Words, the News Is Actually Good,» New York Times, February 23, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/24/science/why-we-all-sound-like-pollyannas.html.
188 учебники по психологии посвятили: R. F. Baumeister, C. Finkenauer, and K. D. Vohs, «Bad Is Stronger Than Good,» Review of General Psychology 5 (2001): 324.
188 исследование в 1978: P. Brickman, D. Coates, and R. Janoff-Bulman, «Lottery Winners and Accident Victims: Is Happiness Relative?» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978): 917–27.
189 победители лотереи в Британии: B. Apouey and A. E. Clark, «Winning Big but Feeling No Better? The Effect of Lottery Prizes on Physical and Mental Health,» Health Economics 24 (2015): 516–38, and J. Gardner and A. J. Oswald, «Money and Mental Wellbeing: A Longitudinal Study of Medium-Sized Lottery Wins,» Journal of Health Economics 26 (2007): 49–60. See also A. Hedenus, «At the End of the Rainbow: Post-Winning Life Among Swedish Lottery Winners» (Ph.D. diss., University of Gothenburg, 2011), and J. Tierney, «How to Win the Lottery (Happily),» New York Times, May 27, 2014.
190 психологи Ричард Тедески и Лоуренс Калхоун: R. G. Tedeschi and L. G. Calhoun, «The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma,» Journal of Traumatic Stress 9 (1996): 455–71, and R. G. Tedeschi and L. G. Calhoun, «Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence,» Psychological Inquiry 15 (2004): 1–18.
191 «уклон исчезающего аффекта»: J. J. Skowronski, W. R. Walker, D. X. Henderson, and G. D. Bond, «The Fading Affect Bias: Its History, Its Implications, and Its Future,» Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 49 (2014): 163–218.
192 Плохие воспоминания: J. D. Green, C. Sedikides, and A. P. Gregg, «Forgotten but Not Gone: The Recall and Recognition of Self-Threatening Memories,» Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology 44 (2008): 547–61, and J. D. Green, B. Pinter, and C. Sedikides, «Mnemic Neglect and Self-Threat: Trait Modifiability Moderates Self-Protection,» European Journal of Social Psychology 35 (2005): 225–35.
192 игроки делали свои ставки: T. Gilovich, «Biased Evaluation and Persistence in Gambling,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44 (1983): 1110–26.
194 Этот «эффект позитивности»: M. Mather and L. L. Carstensen, «Aging and Motivated Cognition: The Positivity Effect in Attention and Memory,» Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (2005): 496–502, and A. E. Reed and L. L. Carstensen, «The Theory Behind the Age-Related Positivity Effect,» Frontiers in Psychology 3 (2012): 339.
194 эксперимент в Германии: S. Brassen, M. Gamer, J. Peters, S. Gluth, and C. Büchel, «Don’t Look Back in Anger! Responsiveness to Missed Chances in Successful and Nonsuccessful Aging,» Science 336 (2012): 612–14.
195 кривая счастья U: D. G. Blanchflower and A. J. Oswald, «Is Well-Being U-shaped over the Life Cycle?» Social Science & Medicine 66 (2008): 1733–49; C. Graham and J. R. Pozuelo, «Happiness, Stress, and Age: How the U Curve Varies Across People and Places,» Journal of Population Economics 30 (2017): 225–64; and J. Rauch, The Happiness Curve (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2018).
196 принимать антидепрессанты. Пик приема: D. G. Blanchflower and A. J. Oswald, «Antidepressants and Age: A New Form of Evidence for U-shaped Well-Being Through Life,» Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 127 (2016): 46–58.
196 шимпанзе и орангутаны: A. Weiss, J. E. King, M. Inoue-Murayama, T. Matsuzawa, and A. J. Oswald, «Evidence for a Midlife Crisis in Great Apes Consistent with the U-shape in Human Well-Being,» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (2012): 19949–52.
196 с более сильной иммунной системой: E. K. Kalokerinos, W. von Hippel, J. D. Henry, and R. Trivers, «The Aging Positivity Effect and Immune Functions: Positivity in Recall Predicts Higher CD4 Counts and Lower CD4 Activation,» Psychology and Aging 29 (2014): 636–41.
197 эффект позитивности снижается: L. L. Carstensen and M. DeLiema, «The Positivity Effect: A Negativity Bias in Youth Fades with Age,» Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 19 (2018): 7–12, and S. Kalenzaga, V. Lamidey, A. M. Ergis, D. Clarys, and P. Piolino, «The Positivity Bias in Aging: Motivation or Degradation?» Emotion 16 (2016): 602–10.
197 В возрасте: Этот раздел основан на интервью с Константином Седикидесом, Тимом Вайлдшатом, Эрикой Хеппер, Вин Э Чуэн (Wing Yee Cheung) и Клэем Рутледжом. Для обзора исследований ностальгии см. C. Sedikides and T. Wildschut, «Finding Meaning in Nostalgia,» Review of General Psychology 22 (2018): 48–61; C. Sedikides, T. Wildschut, J. Arndt, and C. Routledge, «Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future,» Current Directions in Psychological Science 17 (2008): 304–7; and J. Tierney, «What Is Nostalgia Good For? Quite a Bit, Research Shows,» New York Times, July 8, 2013.
198 швейцарская медицинская диссертация: J. Hofer, «Medical Dissertation on Nostalgia,» trans. C. K. Anspach, Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine 2 (1934): 376–91, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44437799. (Original work published in 1688.)
198 альпийскую фермерскую песню: I. Cieraad, «Bringing Nostalgia Home: Switzerland and the Swiss Chalet,» Architecture and Culture 6 (2018): 265–88, doi: 10.1080/20507828.2018.1477672.
198 в других странах: J. Beck, «When Nostalgia Was a Disease,» Atlantic, August 14, 2013, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/when-nostalgia-was-a-disease/278648/.
199 в холодные дни: W. A. P. Van Tilburg, C. Sedikides, and T. Wildschut, «Adverse Weather Evokes Nostalgia,» Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44 (2018): 984–95, doi:10.1177/0146167218756030.
199 помогает им согреться: X. Zhou, T. Wildschut, C. Sedikides, X. Chen, and A. J. Vingerhoets, «Heartwarming Memories: Nostalgia Maintains Physiological Comfort,» Emotion 12 (2012): 678–84.
199 происходит что-то плохое: C. Routledge, J. Arndt, C. Sedikides, and T. Wildschut, «A Blast from the Past: The Terror Management Function of Nostalgia,» Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (2008): 132–40.
199 справиться с одиночеством: X. Zhou, C. Sedikides, T. Wildschut, and D. G. Gao, «Counteracting Loneliness: On the Restorative Function of Nostalgia,» Psychological Science 19 (2008): 1023–29.
199 стремиться к целям: C. Sedikides et al., «Nostalgia Motivates Pursuit of Important Goals by Increasing Meaning in Life,» European Journal of Social Psychology 48 (2018): 209–16.
199 со стрессом на работе: M. Van Dijke, J. M. Leunissen, T. Wildschut, and C. Sedikides, «Nostalgia Promotes Intrinsic Motivation and Effort in the Presence of Low Interaction Justice,» Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 150 (2019): 46–61, doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.12.003.
199 жизни появляется больше смысла: W. A. P. Van Tilburg, C. Sedikides, T. Wildschut, and A. J. J. Vingerhoets, «How Nostalgia Infuses Life with Meaning: From Social Connectedness to Self-Continuity,» European Journal of Social Psychology 49 (2019): 521–32, doi:10.1002/ejsp.2519, and C. Sedikides and T. Wildschut, «Finding Meaning in Nostalgia,» Review of General Psychology 22 (2018): 48–61, doi:10.1037/.