13 с «значимое воздействие на адипозную ткань»: C. B. Ebbeling, J. F. Swain, H. A. Feldman, W. W. Wong, D. L. Hachey, E. Garcia- Lago, et al., Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Expenditure During Weight- Loss Maintenance, Journal of the American Medical Association 307, no. 24 (June 27, 2012): 2627–34; K. D. Hall, T. Bemis, R. Brychta, K. Y. Chen, A. Courville, E. J. Crayner, et al., Calorie for Calorie, Dietary Fat Restriction Results in More Body Fat Loss than Carbohydrate Restriction in People with Obesity, Cell Metabolism 22, no. 3 (September 2015): 427–36.
14 «о количестве калорий на человека»: USDA, USDA Economic Research Service—Food Availability (Per Capita).
14 «подсчитать калории»: E. S. Ford and W. H. Dietz, Trends in Energy Intake Among Adults in the United States: Findings from NHANES, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97, no. 4 (April 2013): 848–53.
14 «увеличению избыточного веса»: K. D. Hall, J. Guo, M. Dore, C. C. Chow, The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in Amer i ca and Its Environmental Impact, PLOS ONE 4, no. 11 (November 2009): e7940.
14 «в тот период времени»: B. Swinburn, G. Sacks, and E. Ravussin, “Increased Food Energy Supply Is More Than Suffi cient to Explain the US Epidemic of Obesity,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90, no. 6 (December 2009): 1453–56.
15 «к набору и потере веса»: K. D. Hall, G. Sacks, D. Chandramohan, C. C. Chow, Y. C. Wang, S. L. Gortmaker, et al., Quantifi cation of the Effect of Energy Imbalance on Bodyweight, Lancet 378, no. 9793 (August 27, 2011): 826–37.
16 «каждый килограмм, которые человек хочет скинуть»: Ibid.
16 «в последующих главах»: Ibid.
16 с «на эту тему потрясающую работу»: Hall, Guo, Dore, and Chow, The Progressive Increase of Food Waste.
17 «по графику на рисунке 5»: S. C. Davis and S. W. Diegel, Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 32 (US Department of Energy, 2013).
19 «молочный шоколад и арахисовое масло»: A. Sclafani and D. Springer, Dietary Obesity in Adult Rats: Similarities to Hypothalamic and Human Obesity Syndromes, Physiology and Be hav ior 17, no. 3 (September 1976): 461–71.
19 «содержания жира или сахара»: B. P. Sampey, A. M. Vanhoose, H. M. Winfi eld, A. J. Freemerman, M. J. Muehlbauer, P. T. Fueger, et al., Cafeteria Diet Is a Robust Model of Human Metabolic Syndrome with Liver and Adipose Infl ammation: Comparison to High- Fat Diet, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 19, no. 6 (June 2011): 1109–17.
20 «роль калорий в развитии ожирения»: D. M. Dreon, B. Frey- Hewitt, N. Ellsworth, P. T. Williams, R. B. Terry, and P. D. Wood, Dietary Fat: Carbohydrate Ratio and Obesity in Middle- Aged Men, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 995–1000; D. Kromhout, Energy and Macronutrient Intake in Lean and Obese Middle- Aged Men (The Zutphen Study), American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, no. 2 (February 1983): 295–99; W. C. Miller, M. G. Niederpruem, J. P. Wallace, and A. K. Lindeman, Dietary Fat, Sugar, and Fiber Predict Body Fat Content, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94, no. 6 (June 1994): 612–15.
20 «подсчитывали калории»: S. W. Lichtman, K. Pisarska, E. R. Berman, M. Pestone, H. Dowling, E. Offenbacher, et al., Discrepancy Between Self- Reported and Actual Caloric Intake and Exercise in Obese Subjects, New Eng land Journal of Medicine 327, no. 27 (December 31, 1992): 1893–98; E. Ravussin, S. Lillioja, T. E. Anderson, L. Christin, and C. Bogardus, Determinants of 24- Hour Energy Expenditure in Man: Methods and Results Using a Respiratory Chamber, Journal of Clinical Investigation 78, no. 6 (December 1986): 1568–78; L. G. Bandini, D. A. Schoeller, H. N. Cyr, and W. H. Dietz, Validity of Reported Energy Intake in Obese and Nonobese Adolescents, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 421–5; E. Ravussin, B. Burnand, Y. Schutz, and E. Jéquier, Twenty- Four- Hour Energy Expenditure and Resting Metabolic Rate in Obese, Moderately Obese, and Control Subjects, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, no. 3 (March 1, 1982): 566–73.
20 «сколько ими было съедено»: Lichtman, Pisarska, Berman, Pestone, Dowling, Offenbacher, et al., Discrepancy Between Self- Reported and Actual; Bandini, Schoeller, Cyr, and Dietz, Validity of Reported Energy Intake; J. O. Fisher, R. K. Johnson, C. Lindquist, L. L. Birch, and M. I. Goran, Infl uence of Body Composition on the Accuracy of Reported Energy Intake in Children, Obesity Research 8, no. 8 (November 1, 2000): 597–603.
21 «основных блюд, закусок и напитков»: R. Rising, S. Alger, V. Boyce, H. Sea gle, R. Ferraro, A. M. Fontvieille, et al., Food Intake Mea sured by an Automated Food- Se lection System: Relationship to Energy Expenditure, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 343–49.
21 «на тему «ресторанной диеты»: D. E. Larson, P. A. Tataranni, R. T. Ferraro, and E. Ravussin, Ad Libitum Food Intake on a Cafeteria Diet in Native American Women: Relations with Body Composition and 24- H Energy Expenditure, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 911–17; D. Larson, R. Rising, R. Ferraro, and E. Ravussin, Spontaneous Overfeeding with a Cafeteria Diet in Men: Effects on 24- Hour Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 19, no. 5 (May 1995): 331–37.
2. Проблема выбора
23 «плавником на твердую почву»: S. Kumar and S. B. Hedges, A Molecular Timescale for Vertebrate Evolution, Nature 392, no. 6679 (April 30, 1998): 917–20.
23 «человеческого аналитического аппарата»: M. Stephenson- Jones, E. Samuelsson, J. Ericsson, B. Robertson, and S. Grillner, Evolutionary Conservation of the Basal Ganglia as a Common Vertebrate Mechanism for Action Se lection, Current Biology 21, no. 13 (July 12, 2011): 1081–91.
24 «только одна форсунка»: P. Redgrave, T. J. Prescott, and K. Gurney, The Basal Ganglia: A Vertebrate Solution to the Se lection Prob lem? Neuroscience 89, no. 4 (1999): 1009–23.
24с «похожие структуры у мух»: N. J. Strausfeld and F. Hirth, Deep Homology of Arthropod Central Complex and Vertebrate Basal Ganglia, Science 340, no. 6129 (April 12, 2013): 157–61; V. G. Fiore, R. J. Dolan, N. J. Strausfeld, and F. Hirth, Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanisms for the Se lection and Maintenance of Behavioural Activity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1684 (December 2015).
25 «в головном мозге»: Ibid.
26 «название базальные ганглии»: Ibid.
26 «частей мозга»: Stephenson – Jones, Samuelsson, Ericsson, Robertson, and Grillner, “Evolutionary Conservation of the Basal Ganglia”; Fiore, Dolan, Strausfeld, and Hirth, “Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanisms.
26 «в базальных ганглиях»: S. Grillner, J. Hellgren, A. Ménard, K. Saitoh, and M. A. Wikström, Mechanisms for Se lection of Basic Motor Programs— Roles for the Striatum and Pallidum, Trends in Neurosciences 28, no. 7 (July 2005): 364–70; A. Ménard and S. Grillner, Diencephalic Locomotor Region in the Lamprey— Afferents and Efferent Control,” Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 3 (September 2008): 1343–53.
27 «отвечает за планирование»: Fiore, Dolan, Strausfeld, and Hirth, Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanisms; F. M. Ocaña, S. M. Suryanarayana, K. Saitoh, A. A. Kardamakis, L. Capantini, B. Robertson, et al., The Lamprey Pallium Provides a Blueprint of the Mammalian Motor Projections from Cortex, Current Biology 25, no. 4 (February 16, 2015): 413–23.
27 «преследование добычи»: Ibid.
27 «в стриатум (рис. 7)»: Fiore, Dolan, Strausfeld, and Hirth, Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanisms.
28 «удовлетворить самый настойчивый запрос»: Redgrave, Prescott, and Gurney, The Basal Ganglia.
28 «конкретное действие (рис. 7)»: Ocaña, Suryanarayana, Saitoh, Kardamakis, Capantini, Robertson, et al., The Lamprey Pallium; J. G. McHaffi e, T. R. Stanford, B. E. Stein, V. Coizet, and P. Redgrave, Subcortical Loops Through the Basal Ganglia, Trends in Neurosciences 28, no. 8 (August 2005): 401–407
28 с «принять оптимальное решение при сложных условиях»: R. Bogacz and K. Gurney, The Basal Ganglia and Cortex Implement Optimal Decision Making Between Alternative Actions, Neural Computation 19, no. 2 (January 5, 2007): 442–77.
29 «веса всего тела»: K. N. Frayn, Metabolic Regulation: A Human Perspective (Chichester, UK: Wiley- Blackwell, 2010).
30 «миног и млекопитающих»: Stephenson- Jones, Samuelsson, Ericsson, Robertson, and Grillner, Evolutionary Conservation of the Basal Ganglia.
30 «из одних и тех же компонентов»: Ibid.
30 «около 560 миллионов лет назад»: S. Grillner, B. Robertson, and M. Stephenson- Jones, The Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Basal Ganglia and Its Role in Action Se lection, Journal of Physiology 591, no. 22 (November 15, 2013): 5425–31.
31 «процесс, который носит название экзаптация»: Stephenson- Jones, Samuelsson, Ericsson, Robertson, and Grillner, Evolutionary Conservation of the Basal Ganglia.
31с «выполнять простые задачи»: I. Q. Whishaw and B. Kolb, The Mating Movements of Male Decorticate Rats: Evidence for Subcortically Generated Movements by the Male but Regulation of Approaches by the Female, Behavioural Brain Research 17, no. 3 (October 1985): 171–91; D. A. Oakley, Per for mance of Decorticated Rats in a Two- Choice Visual Discrimination Apparatus, Behavioural Brain Research 3, no. 1 (July 1981): 55–69.
32 «как паллиум у миног»: G. E. Alexander, M. E. DeLong, and P. L. Strick, Parallel Or ga ni za tion of Functionally Segregated Cir cuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex, Annual Review of Neuroscience 9 (1986): 357–81; F. A. Middleton and P. L. Strick, Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Loops: Motor and Cognitive Cir cuits, Brain Research Reviews 31, nos. 2,3 (March 2000): 236–50.