32 «другие многочисленные процессы»: McHaffi e, Stanford, Stein, Coizet, and Redgrave, Subcortical Loops; Middleton and Strick, Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Loops; P. Romanelli, V. Esposito, D. W. Schaal, and G. Heit, Somatotopy in the Basal Ganglia: Experimental and Clinical Evidence for Segregated Sensorimotor Channels, Brain Research Reviews 48, no. 1 (February 2005): 112–28.
33 «релевантной на текущий момент мотивации или эмоции»: Fiore, Dolan, Strausfeld, and Hirth, Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanisms; A. E. Kelley, Ventral Striatal Control of Appetitive Motivation: Role in Ingestive Be hav ior and Reward- Related Learning, Neuroscience and Biobehaviorial Reviews 27, no. 8 (January 2004): 765–76; A. E. Kelley, Neural Integrative Activities of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions in Relation to Learning and Motivation, Psychobiology 27, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 198–213.
33 «планирование»: D. Joel and I. Weiner, The Or ga ni za tion of the Basal Ganglia— Thalamocortical Cir cuits: Open Interconnected Rather than Closed Segregated, Neuroscience 63, no. 2 (November 1994): 363–79.
34 «отдела мозга, отвечающего за моторику»: Redgrave, Prescott, and Gurney, The Basal Ganglia; Joel and Weiner, The Or ga ni za tion of the Basal Ganglia—Thalamocortical Cir cuits.
36 «клеток черного вещества»: J. M. Fearnley and A. J. Lees, Ageing and Parkinson’s Disease: Substantia Nigra Regional Selectivity, Brain 114, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 2283–301.
36 «начинают активно двигаться»: J. M. Delfs, L. Schreiber, and A. E. Kelley, Microinjection of Cocaine into the Nucleus Accumbens Elicits Locomotor Activation in the Rat, Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 303–10.
37 «двигательных шаблонов»: Fearnley and Lees, Ageing and Parkinson’s Disease; P. Redgrave, M. Rodriguez, Y. Smith, M. C. Rodriguez- Oroz, S. Lehericy, H. Bergman, et al., Goal- Directed and Habitual Control in the Basal Ganglia: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11, no. 11 (November 2010): 760–72.
38 «снова пользоваться своим опорно-двигательным аппаратом»: R. B. Godwin- Austen, C. C. Frears, E. B. Tomlinson, and H. W. L. Kok, Effects of L- Dopa in Parkinson’s Disease, Lancet 294, no. 7613 (July 26, 1969): 165–68.
38 «употребление наркотиков и обжорство»: V. Voon, P.-O. Fernagut, J. Wickens, C. Baunez, M. Rodriguez, N. Pavon, et al., Chronic Dopaminergic Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: From Dyskinesias to Impulse Control Disorders, Lancet Neurology 8, no. 12 (December 2009): 1140–49.
39 «с набором необычных симптомов»: K. Barrett, Treating Organic Abulia with Bromocriptine and Lisuride: Four Case Studies, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 54, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 718–21.
39 «намерения, проявлять эмоции или думать»: Barrett, Treating Organic Abulia; D. Laplane, M. Baulac, D. Widlöcher, and B. Dubois, Pure Psychic Akinesia with Bilateral Lesions of Basal Ganglia, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 47, no. 4 (1984): 377–85; S. E. Starkstein, M. L. Berthier, and R. Leiguarda, Psychic Akinesia Following Bilateral Pallidal Lesions, International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 19, no. 2 (1989): 155–64; A. Lugaresi, P. Montagna, A. Morreale, and R. Gallassi, ‘Psychic Akinesia’ Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Eu ro pean Neurology 30, no. 3 (1990): 167–69.
3. Формула искушения
42 «в своей работе 2004 года»: R. A. Wise, Dopamine, Learning, and Motivation, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5, no. 6 (June 2004): 483–94.
43 «вероятность повторения»: E. L. Thorndike, The Ele ments of Psy chol ogy (New York: A. G. Seiler, 1905), 394.
44 «обедать там снова»: I. L. Bern stein and M. M. Webster, Learned Taste Aversions in Humans, Physiology and Be hav ior 25, no. 3 (September 1980): 363–66.
45 «чем раз в секунду»: I. B. Witten, E. E. Steinberg, S. Y. Lee, T. J. Davidson, K. A. Zalocusky, M. Brodsky, et al., Recombinase- Driver Rat Lines: Tools, Techniques, and Optoge ne tic Application to Dopamine- Mediated Reinforcement, Neuron 72, no. 5 (December 8, 2011): 721–33.
46 «будут задействованы в будущем»: J. N. Reynolds, B. I. Hyland, and J. R. Wickens, “A Cellular Mechanism of Reward- Related Learning, Nature 413, no. 6851 (September 6, 2001): 67–70.
46 «ваше «хорошее» поведение»: Wise, Dopamine, Learning and Motivation.
46 «при одном звуке колокольчика»: И.П. Павлов, Г.В. Анреп «Условный рефлекс»\ I. P. Pavlov and G. V. Anrep, Conditioned Refl exes (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2012), 448.
47 «при участии людей также подтверждают»: Ibid.
47 «возникновение приятных ощущений»: S. Peciña, K. S. Smith, and K. C. Berridge, Hedonic Hot Spots in the Brain, Neuroscientist: A Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology, and Psychiatry 12, no. 6 (December 2006): 500–11; K. C. Berridge, ‘Liking’ and Wanting Food Rewards: Brain Substrates and Roles in Eating Disorders, Physiology and Be hav ior 97, no. 5 (July 14, 2009): 537–50.
48 «с ароматизатором винограда»: A. Sclafani and J. W. Nissenbaum, Robust Conditioned Flavor Preference Produced by Intragastric Starch Infusion in Rats, American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 4 (October 1988): R672– R675.
48 «в желудки»: G. Elizalde and A. Sclafani, Starch-Based Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats: Infl uence of Taste, Calories, and CS- US Delay, Appetite 11, no. 3 (December): 179–200; A. Sclafani and K. Ackroff, Glucose- and Fructose- Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats: Taste versus Postingestive Conditioning, Physiology and Be hav ior 56, no. 2 (August 1994): 399–405.
48 «в тонком кишечнике»: K. Ackroff, Y.– M. Yiin, A. Sclafani, Post- Oral Infusion Sites That Support Glucose- Conditioned Flavor Preferences in Rats, Physiology and Be hav ior 99, no. 3 (March 3, 2010): 402–11.
48 «выбросу дофамина»: I. E. de Araujo, J. G. Ferreira, L. A. Tellez, X. Ren, and C. W. Yeckel, The Gut— Brain Dopamine Axis: A Regulatory System for Caloric Intake, Physiology and Be hav ior 106, no. 3 (June 6, 2012): 394–99.
48 с «сигнал передается»: A. Sclafani, K. Ackroff, and G. J. Schwartz, Selective Effects of Vagal Deafferentation and Celiac- Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy on the Reinforcing and Satiating Action of Intestinal Nutrients, Physiology and Be hav ior 78, no. 2 (February 2003): 285–94.
49 «условным вкусовым предпочтениям»: A. V. Azzara, R. J. Bodnar, A. R. Delamater, and A. Sclafani, D1 but Not D2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonism Blocks the Acquisition of a Flavor Preference Conditioned by Intragastric Carbohydrate Infusions, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Be hav ior 68, no. 4 (April 2001): 709–20.
49 «помощью жиров и белков»: C. Pérez, F. Lucas, and A. Sclafani, Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Condition Similar Flavor Preferences in Rats Using an Oral- Delay Procedure, Physiology and Be hav ior 57, no. 3 (March 1995): 549–54.
49 «возникновения вкусового предпочтения»: A. Ackroff and A. Sclatani, Energy Density and Macronutrient Composition Determine Flavor Preference Conditioned by Intragastric Infusions of Mixed Diets, Physiology and Be hav ior 89, no. 2 (September 2006): 250–60.
49 «вместе они закрепляют поведенческий шаблон»: Sclafani and Ackroff, Glucose- and FructoseConditioned Flavor.
50 «отыскать калории»: C. Arnould and A. Ågmo, The Importance of the Stomach for Conditioned Place Preference Produced by Drinking Sucrose in Rats, Psychobiology 27, no, 4 (December 1999): 541–46.
50 «вводиться непосредственно в желудок»: K. Ackroff and A. Sclafani, “Flavor Preferences Conditioned by Post-Oral Infusion of Monosodium Glutamate in Rats,” Physiology and Be hav ior 104, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 488–94.
50 «к пищевому отравлению, вызывают отвращение»: Berridge, ‘Liking and Wanting Food Rewards; A. Sclafani, A. V. Azzara, K. Touzani, P. S. Grigson, and R. Norgren, “Parabrachial Nucleus Lesions Block Taste and Attenuate Flavor Preference and Aversion Conditioning in Rats, Behavioral Neuroscience 115, no. 4 (August 2001): 920–33; A. Dewan, R. Pacifi co, R. Zhan, D. Rinberg, and T. Bozza, Non- Redundant Coding of Aversive Odours in the Main Olfactory Pathway, Nature 498 (April 28, 2013): 486–89.
51 «семьдесят пять миллионов лет назад»: Berridge, ‘Liking and Wanting Food Rewards.
51 «привели к пищевому отравлению»: Bern stein and Webster, Learned Taste Aversions; M. R. Yeomans, N. J. Gould, S. Mobini,J. Prescott, Acquired Flavor Ac cep tance and Intake Facilitated by Monosodium Glutamate in Humans, Physiology and Be hav ior 94, nos. 4,5 (March 18, 2008): 958–66.
51 «у людей»: S. L. Johnson, L. McPhee, and L. L. Birch, Conditioned Preferences: Young Children Prefer Flavors Associated with High Dietary Fat, Physiology and Be hav ior 50, no. 6 (December 1991): 1245–51; D. L. Kern, L. McPhee, J. Fisher, S. Johnson, and L. L. Birch, The Postingestive Consequences of Fat Condition Preferences for Flavors Associated with High Dietary Fat, Physiology and Be hav ior 54, no. 1 (July 1993): 71–76; D. A. Booth, P. Mather, and J. Fuller, Starch Content of Ordinary Foods Associatively Conditions Human Appetite and Satiation, Indexed by Intake and Eating Pleasantness of StarchPaired Flavours, Appetite 3, no. 2 (June 1982): 163–84.
51 с «как это делают люди»: R. R. Sakai, W. B. Fine, A. N. Epstein, and S. P. Frankmann, Salt Appetite Is Enhanced by One Prior Episode of Sodium Depletion in the Rat, Behavioral Neuroscience 101, no. 5 (1987): 724–31.
52 «мы поговорим позже»: Lee, The!Kung San; A. M. Hurtado and K. Hill, Ache Life History: The Ecol ogy and Demography of a Foraging People (New York: Aldine Transaction, 1996), 561.
53 «зависимость схожим образом»: S. Ferré, K. Fuxe, B. Fredholm, M. Morelli, and P. Popoli, Adenosine— Dopamine Receptor— Receptor Interactions as an Integrative Mechanism in the Basal Ganglia, Trends in Neurosciences 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 482–87.