221 «как и прежде обладают возможностью»: K. A. Carswell, R. P. Vincent, A. P. Belgaumkar, R. A. Sherwood, S. A. Amiel, A. G. Patel, et al., The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Intestinal Absorption and Transit Time,” Obesity Surgery 24, no. 5 (December 30, 2013): 796–805; E. A. Odstrcil, J. G. Martinez, C. A. S. Ana, B. Xue, R. E. Schneider, K. J. Steffer, et al., The Contribution of Malabsorption to the Reduction in Net Energy Absorption after Long-Limb Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 704–13.
221 «овощи и фрукты»: C. N. Ochner, Y. Kwok, E. Conceição, S. P. Pantazatos, L. M. Puma, S. Carnell, et al., Selective Reduction in Neural Responses to High Calorie Foods Following Gastric Bypass Surgery, Annals of Surgery 253, no. 3 (March 2011): 502–507; A. D. Miras, R. N. Jackson, S. N. Jackson, A. P. Goldstone, T. Olbers, T. Hackenberg, et al., Gastric Bypass Surgery for Obesity Decreases the Reward Value of a Sweet- Fat Stimulus as Assessed in a Progressive Ratio Task, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 96, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 467–73; C. W. le Roux, M. Bueter, N. Theis, M. Werling, H. Ashrafi an, C. Löwenstein, et al., “Gastric Bypass Reduces Fat Intake and Preference,” American Journal of Physiology— Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): R1057–R1066; H. A. Kenler, R. E. Brolin, and R. P. Cody, Changes in Eating Be hav ior After Horizontal Gastroplasty and Roux- en- Y Gastric Bypass, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): 87–92.
221 «после гастропластики»: le Roux, Bueter, Theis, Werling, Ashrafi an, Löwenstein, et al., Gastric Bypass; H. Zheng, A. C. Shin, N. R. Lenard, R. L. Townsend, L. M. Patterson, D. L. Sigalet, et al., Meal Patterns, Satiety, and Food Choice in a Rat Model of Roux- en- Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, American Journal of Physiology— Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 5 (November 1, 2009): R1273–R1282; H. E. Wilson-Pérez, A. P. Chambers, D. A. Sandoval, M. A. Stefater, S. C. Woods, S. C. Benoit, et al., The Effect of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy on Food Choice in Rats, International Journal of Obesity 37, no. 2 (February 2013): 288–95.
11. Как перехитрить голодный мозг
224 «почти 10 процентов»: Hall, Sacks, Chandramohan, Chow, Wang, Gortmaker, et al., Quantifi cation of the Effect of Energy Imbalance.
224 «реальные цифры»: B. Elbel, R. Kersh, V. L. Brescoll, and L. B. Dixon, Calorie Labeling and Food Choices: A First Look at the Effects on Low- Income People in New York City, Health Affairs (Millwood) 28, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): w1110– w1121; B. Elbel, J. Gyamfi, and R. Kersh, Child and Adolescent Fast- Food Choice and the Infl uence of Calorie Labeling: A Natu ral Experiment, International Journal of Obesity 35, no. 4 (April 2011): 493–500; J. Cantor, A. Torres, C. Abrams, and B. Elbel, Five Years Later: Awareness of New York City’s Calorie Labels Declined, with No Changes in Calories Purchased, Health Affairs (Millwood) 34, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 1893–900.
225 «чем в 1963 году»: B. Forey, J. Hamling, J. Hamling, A. Thornton, and P. Lee, Chapter 28: USA in International Smoking Statistics: A Collection of Historical Data from 30 Eco nom ically Developed Countries, 2nd ed. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012).
225 «одним из самых толстых на планете»: T. Rosenberg, How One of the Most Obese Countries on Earth Took on the Soda Giants, Guardian, November 3, 2015, cited November 9, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/nov/03/obese-soda-sugar-tax-mexico.
225 «года после его введения»: D. Agren, Mexico’s Congress Accused of Caving to Soda Pop Industry in Tax Cut Plan, Guardian, October 19, 2015, cited November 4, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/oct/19/mexico-soda-tax-cut-pop-fizzy-drinks.
226 «Кока-Кола Мексика»: Rosenberg, How One of the Most Obese Countries.
226 «10 миллиардов долларов в год»: Associated Press, Farm Subsidies Not in Sync with Food Pyramid, msnbc. com, cited November 9, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8904252/ns/health-fitness/t/farm-subsidies-not-sync-food-pyramid /
226 «двух футбольных полей»: Sections 92.0379A(j), B(j) & C(j) and 94.0379D(i) in City of Detroit, Offi cial Zoning Ordinance.
227 «опасные продукты»: Dembek, Harris, and Schwartz, Where Children and Adolescents.
227 «правительство вмешивалось»: S. Speers, J. Harris, A. Goren, M. B. Schwartz, and K. D. Brownell, Public Perceptions of Food Marketing to Youth: Results of the Rudd Center Public Opinion Poll, May 2008 (Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, 2009).
227 «Coca-Cola, и General Mills»: E. D. Kolish, M. Enright, and B. Oberdorff, The Children’s Food & Beverage Advertising Initiative in Action: A Report on Compliance and Pro gress During 2013 (Children’s Food & Beverage Advertising Initiative, 2014).
227 «соблюдают взятые на себя обязательства»: Ibid.
228 «не существует ограничений»: J. L. Harris, M. B. Schwartz, C. Shehan, M. Hyary, J. Appel, K. Haraghey, et al., Snack F.A.C.T.S 2015: Evaluating Snack Food Nutrition and Marketing to Youth (Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, 2015).
228 «здоровье людей»: Wansink, Mindless Eating.
228 «акций протеста и международного вмешательства»: M. Nestle, Food Politics: How the Food Industry Infl uences Nutrition and Health, revised and expanded edition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 510.
228 Monster Thickburger: Hardee’s Serves Up 1,420- Calorie Burger, MSNBC, November 17, 2004, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6498304/ns/business-us_business/t/hardees-serves-calorie-burger/
229 «гигантского бургера»: Hardee’s Hails Burger as ‘Monument to De cadence,’ USA Today, November 15, 2004, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2004-11-15-hardees_x.htm.
230 «результат неправильного питания»: Stokes, Using Maximum Weight; A. Must and R. S. Strauss, Risks and Consequences of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 23, suppl. 2 (March 1999): S2–S11; A. Berrington de Gonzalez, P. Hartge, J. R. Cerhan, A. J. Flint, L. Hannan, R. J. MacInnis, et al., Body- Mass Index and Mortality Among 1.46 Million White Adults, New Eng land Journal of Medicine 363, no. 23 (2010): 2211–19.
232 «выводится из организма»: R. D. Mattes, P. M. Kris- Etherton, and G. D. Foster, Impact of Peanuts and Tree Nuts on Body Weight and Healthy Weight Loss in Adults, Journal of Nutrition 138, no. 9 (September 2008): 1741S–1745S.
234 «происходит индивидуально»: King, Hopkins, Caudwell, Stubbs, and Blundell, Individual Variability Following 12 Weeks; D. M. Thomas, C. Bouchard, T. Church, C. Slentz, W. E. Kraus, L. M. Redman, et al., Why Do Individuals Not Lose More Weight from an Exercise Intervention at a Defi ned Dose? An Energy Balance Analy sis, Obesity Reviews 13, no. 10 (October 2012): 835–47.
234 «силовыми упражнениями»: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, US Department of Health and Human Ser vices, 2008, http://health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf
236 «улучшить состояние здоровья»: P. Grossman, L. Niemann, S. Schmidt, and H. Walach, Mindfulness- Based Stress Reduction and Health Benefi ts: A Meta- Analy sis, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57, no. 1 (July 2004): 35–43; J. Daubenmier, J. Kristeller, F. M. Hecht, N. Maninger, M. Kuwata, K. Jhaveri, et al., Mindfulness Intervention for Stress Eating to Reduce Cortisol and Abdominal Fat Among Overweight and Obese Women: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Study, Journal of Obesity 2011 (2011): 651936.