Некоторые дети сначала приучаются писать, а затем какать в горшок, другие – наоборот, а третьи учатся тому и другому одновременно. «Единственно верного» порядка не существует. Будьте терпеливы – это все, что вы можете сделать.
Если после периода успехов ребенок начинает вновь мочить и пачкать штанишки, возможно, это связано с тем, что вы свыклись с успехами ребенка и перестали за них хвалить. Вернитесь к привычке усиленно хвалить ребенка за каждое успешное хождение на горшок.
Приучение оставаться ночью сухим
Приучить ребенка оставаться сухим по ночам практически невозможно; вам остается лишь подождать, пока он научится этому сам. Если вы замечаете, что по утрам подгузники у ребенка постоянно сухие, попробуйте снять с него подгузник на ночь и посмотреть, что получится. Однако посоветуем несколько приемов, которые могут способствовать скорейшему достижению этого результата или помочь, если что-то идет не так:
– Сажайте ребенка на горшок непосредственно перед сном и сразу после сна.
– Если ребенок мочит постель незадолго до пробуждения, переставьте будильник на полчаса раньше, будите ребенка и сажайте на горшок. Когда он к этому привыкнет и начнет просыпаться сухим, постепенно верните будильник на прежнее время.
– На ночь оставляйте горшок в спальне, чтобы ребенок мог воспользоваться им при пробуждении.
– Зимой, когда по утрам темно, ребенок может не захотеть вставать в туалет. Установите в спальне ребенка ночник или неяркую лампочку, чтобы ему несложно было добраться до туалета.
– Чтобы ночью было проще менять мокрые простыни, стелите на матрас клеенку или используйте две простыни половинного размера.
– Используйте таблицы со звездочками и другие методы поощрения (если ребенок уже способен их понять).
Некоторые термины, использованные в книге
Макатон — система знаков и символов, которой пользуются дети и взрослые с особыми нуждами
Физиотерапевт — специалист, который помогает развивать физические навыки
Портедж — программа домашней терапии
Сигналонг — система знаков и символов, которой пользуются дети и взрослые с особыми нуждами
TEACCH — система воспитания и обучения детей с аутизмом и другими нарушениями общения
Стихи и песенки из английского издания
If you’re happy and you know it, clap your hands
If you’re happy and you know it, clap your hands
If you’re happy and you know it, and you really want to show it
If you’re happy and you know it, clap your hands.
Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker’s man
Bake me a cake as fast as you can
Pat it and prick it and mark it with B
And bake it in the oven for baby and me.
Wind the bobbin up, wind the bobbin up
Pull pull clap clap clap
Point to the ceiling, point to the floor
Point to the window, point to the door
Clap your hands together one, two, three
Put your hands upon your knee.
The bell on the bus goes ding ding ding…
The wipers on the bus go swish swish swish…
The horn on the bus goes beep beep beep…
The children on the bus go up and down…
The ladies on the bus go knit, knit, knit…
Here we go round the mulberry bush, the mulberry bush,
the mulberry bush
Here we go round the mulberry bush, on a cold and frosty morning.
This is the way we brush our teeth, brush our teeth, brush our teeth…
This is the way we comb our hair…
This is the way we stamp our feet…
This is the way we clap our hands…
This is the way we wash our face…
This is the way we wave goodbye…
I’m a little teapot, short and stout
Here’s my handle, here’s my spout
When you see the tea cups hear me shout
Tip me up and pour me out.
One potato, two potato, three potato, four
Five potato, six potato, seven potato, more
Open, shut them, open, shut them, give a little clap
Open, shut them, open, shut them, put them in your lap
Creep them, creep them, up to your little chin
Open wide your little mouth, but do not put them in.
One two, buckle my shoe,
Three four, knock on my door
Five six, pick up sticks
Seven eight, tay them straight
Nine ten, big fat hen.
Five fat sausages sizzling in a pan
One went pop and then it went bang.
Four fat sausages…
Five little monkeys jumping on the bed
One fell off and bumped his head
Mummy called the doctor and this is what he said
«No more monkeys jumping on the bed».
Four little monkeys etc.
One two three four five
Once I caught a fish alive
Six seven eight nine ten
Then I let it go again
Why did you let it go
Because it bit my finger so
Which finger did it bite
This little finger on the right.
Ten green bottles hanging on the wall
Ten green bottles hanging on the wall
And if one green bottle should accidentally fall
There’d be nine green bottles hanging on the wall.
One man went to mow, went to mow a meadow
One man and his dog went to mow a meadow
Two men went to mow, went…
This old man, he played one, he played nick nack on my drum
With a nick nack paddywack give the dog a bone
This old man went rolling home.
This old man he played two, he played.
Tw o – shoe
Three – tree
Four – door
Five – hive
Six – on his sticks
Seven – up in heaven
Eight – gate
Nine – line
Te n – hen
One potato, two potato, three potato, four
Five potato, six potato, seven potato more.
Five currant buns in the baker’s shop
Big and round, with a cherry on the top
Along came a boy with a penny in his hand
He bought one bun and took it right away.
Four currant buns in the baker’s.
I can play peek-a-boo
Are you there? Yes I am
Are you there? Yes I am
Peek-a peek-a peek-a peek-a booooo.
Row, row, row your boat gentty down the stream
Merrily merrily, merrily, merrily life is but a dream.
See-saw Margery Daw
Johnny shall have a new master
He shall have but a penny a day
Because he can’t work any faster.
Horsey, horsey don’t you stop
Just let your feet go clippety clop
Your tail goes swish and your wheels go round
Giddy up we’re homeward bound.
This is the way the ladies ride
Trot trot trot
This is the way the farmer rides
Hobble dee hoy, Hobble dee hoy
This is the way the plough boys ride
A-gallop a-gallop and into the ditch.
Bumpty bumpty bumpty bump
As if I was riding my charger
Bumpty bumpty bumpty bump
As proud as an Indian Rajah
All the girls declare
That I’m a gay old stager
Hey, hey clear the way
Here comes the galloping major.
Have you ever ever ever in your long legged life
Seen a long legged sailor with a long legged wife
No I’ve never never never in my long legged life
Seen a long legged sailor with a long legged wife.
Tickling games
Round and round the garden like a teddy bear
One step, two steps and tickle you under there.
This little piggy went to market, this little piggy stayed at home
This little piggy had roast beef and this little piggy had none
And this little piggy cried wee wee wee all the way home.
Knee Rides
Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall
All the king’s horses and alt the king’s men couldn’t put
Humpty together again.
Walk walk walk trot trot trot canter canter canter and over the fence.
Ring a ring o’ roses
A pocketful of posies
A-tishoo, a-tishoo
We all fall down.
Fishes in the water
Fishes in the sea
We all jump up
With a one two three.
The grand old duke of York, he had ten thousand men
He marched them up to the top of the hill and he marched them
down again.
And when they were up they were up
And when they were down they were down
And when they were only half way up they were neither up nor down.
Row row row your boat gently down the stream
If you see a crocodile don’t forget to scream. Aaaaaagh!
Hey diddle diddle, the cat and the fiddle
The cow jumped over the moon
The little dog
Ha!
To see such fun
And the dish ran away with the spoon.
Miss Polly had a dolly who was sick sick sick
So she phoned for the doctor to come quick quick quick
The doctor came with his bag and his hat
And he rapped on the door with a rat-a-tat-tat.
He looked at the dolly and he shook his head
He said to Miss Potlly ‘Put her straight to bed’
Then he wrote on his paper for a pill pill pill
I’ll be back in the morning yes I will will will.
My bonny lies over the ocean
My bonny lies over the sea
My bonny ties over the ocean
Oh bring back my bonny to me
Bring back, bring back
Oh bring back my bonny to me, to me
Bring back, bring back
Oh bring back my bonny to me.
Head and shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes
Head and shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes
And eyes and ears and mouth and nose
Head, shoulders, knees and toes, knees and toes.
Tommy thumb, Tommy thumb, where are you?
Here I am, here I am and how do you do?
other verses:
Peter pointer, Peter pointer, where are you?…
Middle man, middle man, where are you?…
Ruby ring, ruby ring, where are you?…
Baby small, baby small, where are you?…
Примечания
1
Здесь и далее в книге указаны названия, принятые в Англии.
2
См.: Winnicott D. W. (1971) «Playing and Reality», London, Routledge.