53. Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers’ Associations (1968), Cmnd 3623 (para 578).
54. Менее сложные иски о несправедливом увольнении, о выплате заработной платы и нарушении договора теперь часто будут рассматриваться судьей по трудовым спорам, заседающим в одиночку.
55. R. Tyler, ‘Employment tribunal system “broken” claim employers’, Telegraph, 5 January 2011.
56. ‘Employers concerned about return to the past on tribunals, says BCC’, British Chambers of Commerce, 26 July 2017, https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/news/2017/07/employersconcerned-about-return-to-the-past-on-tribunals-says-bcc
57. Ministry of Justice, ‘Tribunals and gender recognition certificate statistics quarterly: July to September 2018’, Main Tables, ET3, Percentage of disposals by outcome and jurisdiction, 2007/8 to Q2 2018/19, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/tribunals-and-gender-recognition-certificate-statistics-quarterlyjuly-to-september-2018
58. P. Aldrick, ‘“Malicious” tribunal claims hit business’, Telegraph, 8 March 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/8367670/Malicious-tribunal-claims-hit-business.html
59. M. Gibbons, ‘Better Dispute Resolution: A review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain’, Department of Trade and Industry, March 2007, https://www.effectivedisputesolutions.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/mgibbons-review.pdf
60. Ian Murray MP, Draft Employment Tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal Fees Order 2013, First Delegated Legislation Committee Stage, Session 2013–14, 10 June 2013, Hansard, column 20, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmgeneral/deleg1/ 130610/130610s01.htm.
61. Baroness Whitaker, Added Tribunals (Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal) Order 2013, 8 July 2013, Hansard, volume 747, column 83, https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2013-07-08/debates/13070845000225/AddedTribunals(EmploymentTribunalsAndEmploymentAppealTribunal)Order2013
62. Правило судов по трудовым спорам 37(1).
63. Правило судов по трудовым спорам 39(1).
64. Правило судов по трудовым спорам 76(1).
65. Ministry of Justice, ‘Tribunals and gender recognition certificate statistics quarterly: July to September 2018’, Main Tables, ET3, Percentage of disposals by outcome and jurisdiction, 2007/8 to Q2 2018/19.
66. A. Beecroft, ‘Report on Employment Law’, 24 October 2011, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31583/12-825-report-onemployment-law-beecroft.pdf
67. См.: Ian Murray MP, Draft Employment Tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal Fees Order 2013, First Delegated Legislation Committee Stage, Session 2013–14, 10 June 2013, Hansard, column 21.
68. A. Porter and R. Winnett, ‘Firms get powers to sack the slackers’, Telegraph, 9 January 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/8249491/Firms-get-powers-to-sack-theslackers.html
69. См.: Lord Monks, Added Tribunals (Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal) Order 2013, 8 July 2013, Hansard, volume 747, column 83, https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2013-07-08/debates/13070845000225/AddedTribunals(EmploymentTribunals AndEmploymentAppealTribunal)Order2013
70. См.: ‘A truly remarkable democratic mandate’, The Secret Barrister, 27 June 2016, https://thesecretbarrister.com/2016/06/27/a-truly– remarkable-democratic-mandate/
71. R (on the application of UNISON) v. Lord Chancellor [2017] UKSC 51, at [8].
72. Там же, на [35–7].
73. См.: Ian Murray MP, Draft Employment Tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal Fees Order 2013, First Delegated Legislation Committee Stage, Session 2013–14, 10 June 2013, Hansard, column 22.
74. ‘Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA) 2008: findings’, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 23 March 2010, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/survey-of-employment-tribunal-applications-seta-2008-findings
75. Lord Monks, Added Tribunals (Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal) Order 2013, 8 July 2013, Hansard, volume 747, column 83.
76. Baroness Whitaker, Added Tribunals (Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal) Order 2013, 8 July 2013, Hansard, volume 747, column 84.
77. Added Tribunals (Employment Tribunals and Employment Appeal Tribunal) Order 2013 (SI 2013/1892).
78. R (on the application of UNISON) v. Lord Chancellor [2017] UKSC 51, at [39].
79. Там же, на [40–2].
80. House of Commons Justice Committee, ‘Courts and tribunal fees’, 16 June 2016, at § 71 https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmjust/167/16701.html
81. Там же.
82. R (on the application of UNISON) v. Lord Chancellor [2017] UKSC 51, at [43–4].
83. House of Commons Justice Committee, ‘Courts and tribunal fees’, 16 June 2016, at § 69.
84. A. Grice, ‘Vince Cable interview: Charging fees for employment tribunals was “a very bad move”’, Independent, 29 April 2015, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/vince-cable-interview-charging-fees-for-employment-tribunalswas-a-very-bad-move-10213703.html
85. Правительство ожидало уровень возмещения «около трети». В 2014/15 и 2015/16 годах уровень возмещения составил 13 процентов. См.: Unison at [56].
86. Unison, at [58–9].
87. Unison, at [57].
88. The Council of Employment Judges, ‘Submission on the Review of the Introduction of Employment Tribunal Fees’, 24 July 2015, https://consult.justice.gov.uk/digital-communications/review-of-fees-in-employment-tribunals/supporting_documents/cejfeesreviewsubmission.pdf
89. Unison, at [55].
90. R (on the application of UNISON) v. Lord Chancellor [2017] UKSC 51 at https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2015-0233.html
Глава пятая. Наши права человека
1. ‘Theresa May speech in full’, 4 October 2011, http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2011/10/04/theresa-may-speech-in-full
2. Имена изменены для защиты личности жертв. «Фиона» в ходе разбирательства именуется «DSD». «Маниша» упоминается как «NBV». Факты взяты из решения Высокого суда в 2014 году: DSDandanotherv. CommissionerofPoliceoftheMetropolis [2014] EWHC 436 (QB).
3. Там же, [308].
4. В таких случаях претензии могут быть предъявлены (как это сделали Фиона и Маниша) к самому преступнику, если у него есть средства для оплаты, и/или к Управлению по возмещению ущерба от преступлений, но до этого решения претензии не могли быть предъявлены к полиции.
5. Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (Appellant) v. DSD and another (Respondents) [2018] UKSC 11.
6. См.: I. Drury, ‘Folly of human rights luvvies: As actors fight plans to axe Human Rights Act, how thousands of foreign convicts use it to stay in Britain’, Daily Mail, 27 May 2015, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3098327/amp/Folly-human-rights-luvvies-actors-fight-plans-axe– Human-RightsAct-thousands-foreign-convicts-use-stay-Britain.html
7. J. Slack, ‘Europe’s war on British justice: UK loses three out of four human rights cases, damning report reveals’, Daily Mail, 11 January 2012, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2085420/Europes-war-British-justice-UK-loses-humanrights-cases-damning-report-reveals.html
8. ‘No excuses, Dave, end this Yuman Rites farce: RICHARD LITTLEJOHN says case of three Libyan sex offenders seeking asylum must incite government to act on appalling Human Rights laws’, Daily Mail, 2 October 2015, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-3257056/No– excuses-Dave-end-YUMANRITES-farce-RICHARD-LITTLEJOHN– says-case-three-Libyansex-offenders-seeking-asylum-incite-government-act-appallingHuman-Rights-laws.html
9. ‘May: Scrap the Human Rights Act’, the Sun, 2 October 2011, https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/813593/may-scrap-the-human-rights-act/
10. ‘European Court of Human Rights is undermining democracy’, Policy Exchange, https://policyexchange.org.uk/press-release/european– court-of-human-rights-is-undermining-democracy/
11. ‘Human rights laws are protecting the wrong people’, Telegraph, 24 April 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph– view/8470149/Human-rights-laws-are-protecting-thewrong-people.html
12. A. Little, ‘Human Rights Act has DEVALUED Magna Carta, blasts David Cameron’, Daily Express, 15 June 2015, https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/584454/David-Cameron-PrimeMinister-Magna-Carta-speech-human-rights-plan
13. ‘No excuses Dave, end this Yuman Rites farce: RICHARD LITTLEJOHN says case of three Libyan sex offenders seeking asylum must incite government to act on appalling Human Rights laws’, Daily Mail, 2 October 2015.
14. J. Slack, ‘Unelected euro judges are bringing terror to the streets of Britain’, Daily Mail, 18 January 2012, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2087831/Abu-Qatada-human-rightsUnelected-euro-judges-bringing-terror-streets-Britain.html
15. Chris Grayling MP, cited in: H. Phibbs, ‘Grayling’s message of toughness and tenderness’, ConservativeHome, 30 September 2014, https://www.conservativehome.com/thetorydiary/2014/09/graylings– message-of-toughness-and-tenderness.html
16. L. Brown, ‘Another Human Rights Fiasco!’, Daily Mail, 15 December 2017.
17. D. Bamber, ‘Prisoners win their claim that hardcore porn is a human right’, Telegraph, 10 November 2002, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1412742/Prisoners-win-their-claimthat-hardcore-porn-is-a-human-right.html
18. J. Doyle, ‘Human rights laws are a charter for criminals, say 75 % of Britons’, Daily Mail, 16 April 2012, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2130224/Human-rights-lawscharter-criminals-say-75-Britons.html
19. ‘Theresa May speech in full’, 4 October 2011.
20. M. Spurrier, ‘After Worboys, the Met will have to take rape victims seriously’, Guardian, 21 February 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/21/worboys-met-rape-victims-theresa-may