87. Ministry of Justice, ‘Legal aid for unaccompanied and separated children’, 1 August 2018, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ legal-aid-for-unaccompanied-and-separated-children
88. Coram Children’s Legal Centre estimated that there are several thousand children in local authority care likely to be affected. См.: ‘Legal aid restored for migrant children in care’, Family Law, 16 July 2018, https://www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/legal-aid-restored-for-migrant-children-in-care#.W2hoS4WcHcs
89. C. Grayling, ‘The Judicial review system is not a promotional tool for countless Left-wing campaigners’, Daily Mail, 6 September 2013, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2413135/CHRIS-GRAYLING– Judicial-reviewpromotional-tool-Left-wing-campaigners.html
90. ‘Enforcing Human Rights’, Joint Committee on Human Rights, 19 July 2018.
91. J. Hyde, ‘MoJ chief admits cuts rushed through without research’, Law Society Gazette, 4 December 2014, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/moj-chief-admits-cuts-rushed-throughwithout-research/5045500.article
92. Интервью с членом парламента Кеном Кларком, Международная ассоциация юристов, ноябрь 2011 года.
93. J. Chapman, ‘£15m for just one firm on legal aid gravy train: Scale of taxpayers’ bill revealed as Coalition vows to save £200m’, Daily Mail, 5 June 2013.
94. L. McKinstry, ‘Legal aid is now a racket that only benefits lawyers’, Daily Express, 6 June 2013.
95. M. Fouzder, ‘Fury over MoJ “betrayal” on legal aid at inquests’, Law Society Gazette, 8 February 2019, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/fury-over-moj-betrayal-on-legal-aid-atinquests/5069214.article
96. Ministry of Justice, ‘Post-Implementation Review of Part 1 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012’, February 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/777038/post-implementation-review-of-part-1-of-laspo.pdf
97. Расходы на юридическую помощь снизились с £2,55 млрд в 2010-11 годах до £1,62 млрд в 2017-18 годах. House of Commons Library, ‘The future of legal aid’, 31 October 2018, CPD-2018/0230.
98. J. Hyde, ‘MoJ chief admits cuts were rushed through without research’, Law Society Gazette, 4 December 2014.
Глава седьмая. Наша свобода
1. Мнение заявителя обычно принимается во внимание, когда государство рассматривает вопрос о возбуждении уголовного дела, но не является определяющим.
2. R. Littlejohn, ‘One-legged Albanian KILLER on benefits (even I couldn’t make him up)’, Daily Mail, 24 May 2016, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-3605844/RICHARD-LITTLEJOHN-One-legged-Albanian-KILLERbenefits-couldn-t-make-up.html
3. По-прежнему возможно уголовное преследование в частном порядке, но это редкость, и Королевская прокурорская служба сохраняет за собой право принять дело и продолжить его или прекратить по своему усмотрению.
4. Ministry of Justice, ‘Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly, England and Wales, October 2017 to September 2018’, 21 February2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/780612/criminaljustice-statistics-quarterly-september-2018.pdf
5. Это довольно широкое упрощение. Для получения более подробной информации о работе мировых судов и о том, как и когда дела передаются в Суд Короны, см. вторую главу книги «Тайный адвокат. Ложные приговоры, неожиданные оправдания и другие игры в справедливость» (Picador, 2018)
6. Барристеры могут выступать в мировом суде, а солиситоры могут получить квалификацию (известную как «высшие права»), которая позволяет им выступать в Суде Короны в качестве «солиситоров-адвокатов».
7. В обстоятельствах, когда число присяжных сокращается с двенадцати до десяти – например, когда один из присяжных заболевает и выбывает, – вердикт большинства может быть согласован девятью из них.
8. «Тонкая голубая линия» (1995–6), Британская вещательная корпорация (BBC), производство TigerAspectProductions. Подробнее см.: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112194/companycredits?ref_=tt_dt_co
9. См.: ‘Ten questions posed by Vicky Pryce jury’, BBC News, 20 February 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21521460
10. Там же.
11. J. Delingpole, ‘Are some people just too stupid to serve on a jury?’, Daily Express, 22 February 2013, https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/379367/Are-some-people-just-too-stupid-to-serve-on– a-jury
12. Woolmington v. DPP [1935] AC 462.
13. K. Rahman, ‘Viewers are left outraged as Sir Cliff Richard tells Loose Women he’d rather 10 guilty people go free than one innocent person suffer after he was wrongly accused of historical sexual offences’, Daily Mail, 28 November 2018, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article– 6436193/Viewers-outraged-Sir-CliffRichards-comments-Loose-Women.html
14. См.: the comments of the London Victims’ Commissioner to the Independent: L. Dearden, ‘Tens of thousands of rape cases dropped because “police traumatising victims”, report suggests’, Independent, 31 July 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/rape-prosecutions-dropping-uk-police-phones-traumacps-a9028181.html
15. Per London Victims’ Commissioner, reported in, S.Gallagher, ‘Just 3 % Of Rape Allegations In London ResultIn Conviction. This New Study Suggests Why’, HuffPost UK, 31 July 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/just-3-of-rape-allegations-in-london-result-in-conviction-thisstudy-suggests-why_uk_5d4151ebe4b01d8c9783aa07
16. S. Carrell, ‘Scottish civil court rules that acquitted man did rape student’, Guardian, 5 October 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/05/scottish-civil-court-rules-that-acquitted-man-did-student
17. Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) 2016–17 Report (2018), https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/coacriminal– div-2016-17-2.pdf
18. S. Morris and A. Topping, ‘Ched Evans: footballer found not guilty of rape in retrial’, Guardian, 14 October 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/oct/14/footballer-ched-evans-cleared-of-in-retrial
19. K. Gladdis, J. Narain and C. Brooke, ‘Ched Evans’ teammate suspended over Twitter comments about rape conviction’, Daily Mail, 23 April 2012, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2133792/Ched-Evans-rape– victim-named-abused-Twittergirlfriend-stands-Wales-footballer.html
20. ‘Ched Evans’ rape victim had to change name and move five times, says father’, Guardian, 28 December 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/dec/28/ched-evans-rape-victim-change-name-move– house-father
21. См. Твиттер, https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q =ched%20evans%20liar&src=typd
22. A. Adu, ‘COURT CONTROVERSY: Britain’s top prosecutor sparks outrage by saying many men cleared of rape have NOT been falsely accused’, the Sun, 10 October 2017, https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4656366/men-cleared-rape-not-falsely-accused-alison-saunders/
23. T. Morgan, ‘Magistrates raise “difficulty” of historic sex cases as Dr Fox blasts prosecutors after being cleared of assaults’, Telegraph, 14 December 2015, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/12048990/Dr-Fox-verdict-DJ-cleared-of-sexassaults-on-radio-colleagues-and-teenage-girls.html
24. Crown Prosecution Service v. Neil Fox (2015), https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Neil-Fox-verdict.pdf
25. В отношении фактов по этому делу и судебному разбирательству я полагаюсь на работу Мэтью Скотта, чей блог предоставляет не только всесторонний анализ, но и богатый источник ссылок на доступные первоисточники, за что я ему безмерно благодарен. M. Scott, ‘Everything we know suggests that the CPS was right to drop murder charge against John Broadhurst’, Barrister Blogger, 24 December 2018, http://barristerblogger.com/2018/12/24/everything-we-know-suggests-that-the-cps-was-right-to-dropmurder-charge-against-john-broadhurst/
26. S. Wilkinson, ‘“Rough Sex” Doesn’t Kill, Domestic Violence Does’, Grazia, 18 December 2018, https://graziadaily.co.uk/life/real-life/domestic-violence-natalie-connolly-john-broadhurstsentence-harriet-harman-attorney-general/
27. R v. Brown [1993] UKHL 19.
28. Хотя преднамеренное нанесение телесных повреждений в процессе сексуальной активности является незаконным, закон различает случаи, когда происходит проникновение во влагалище по обоюдному согласию с использованием постороннего предмета, а предвидимые телесные повреждения нанесены непреднамеренно. Это сыграло свою роль в деле Бродхерста, поскольку улики указывали на то, что конкретная травма Натали была вызвана проникновением по обоюдному согласию. См.: Jim Meyer, ‘John Broadhurst found not guilty of attacking Natalie Connolly’, Tuckers Solicitors, 21 December 2018, https://www.tuckerssolicitors.com/john-broadhurst-found-not-guilty-of-attacking-natalie-connolly/
29. J. Merrick, ‘Accepting “rough sex” as a man’s defence for killing a woman makes a mockery of our justice system’, Independent, 19 December 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/natalie-connolly-john– broadhurst-case-trial-murder-rough-sexdomestic-violence-manslaughter-a8690961.html
30. B. Ellen, ‘Prosecutors thought no jury would accept Natalie Connolly was murdered. What does that say?’, Observer, 23 December 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/23/prosecutors-thought-no-jury-wouldaccept-natalie-connoolly-was-murdered?CMP=share_btn_tw
31. ‘№ 5 counsel secure jail term for young mother’s killer’, № 5 Barristers Chambers, 18 December 2018, https://www.no5.com/media/news/no5-counsel-secure-jail-term-for-young-mother-s-killer/
32. Процитировано в: D. Barrett, ‘Judges weaken rules on paedophiles’, Telegraph, 20 August 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8713203/Judges-weaken-rules-onpaedophiles.html
33. Со всеми теориями о происхождении права хранить молчание вы можете ознакомиться здесь: H. Quirk, TheRiseandFalloftheRightofSilence (Routledge, 2016).