g all over Eastern Europe and Central Asia, becoming integrated into various peoples and countries. Having lost their single political center, the nomads started forming Hordes, power structures of the ulus type. Yedisan, Yedishkul and thé union at Bujak turned out to be the largest and most long-lived of those states. The nomads of the Noghay Horde also formed the people of Qaraqalpaqs. All of them preserve historical memories of their former life in the nomadic empire beyond the Volga.
The second part of the book ("Nogaica") is a series of essays concerning the most important subjects: "Territory", "Population", "Economy", "The State", "Culture", "Contacts with Russia".
A number of peoples came into contact with the Noghay Horde and the Noghays originating from it, partly assimilating them. Those were the ancestors of Kazakhs and Kirghizes, of the Kazan, Crimean, Siberian and Astrakhan Tartars, of Bashkirs, Qaraqalpaqs, Turkmenians, Kalmyks, the Don and the Ural Cossacks, as well as of many peoples of the North Caucasus.
Analysis of the influence, in all its forms and varieties, exerted by the Noghays on the peoples of Eurasia shows that its earliest form was political impact. It reached its peak in the 16th — 17thcc., in the epoch of the Noghay Horde. Cultural influence comes next, as regards its significance in that time. After the disintegration of the Noghay state, when the Noghays scattered in all directions, leaving their original Manghi't Yurt, their political role dramatically lost its significance. On the other hand, their wide scattering resulted in a substantial strengthening of their ethnic and cultural influence on the neighbors. Historical and ethnological evidence shows that, over the last five centuries, the Noghay people made an important contribution into the history and civilization of Eurasia.
The Appendix contains the genealogical trees of the Noghay nobility of the 15th — 17th centuries.