6. Epistle 1.3, in ibid., p. 532.
7. Jeffrey Richards, The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752 (1979), p. 173.
8. Epistle 5.36, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12, p. 704.
9. Richards, p. 174.
10. Henry Mayr-Hartin, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England (1972), pp. 33–34.
11. Bede, 1.23; Gregory the Great, Epistle 5.51, in Schaffand Wace, Select Library, vol. 12, p. 753.
12. Bede, 1.25,5.24.
13. Quoted in Fletcher, The Barbarian Conversion (1999), p. 115.
14. Bede, 1.26.
15. Epistle 8.30, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 12, p. 815; Fletcher, Barbarian Conversion, p. 116.
16. Epistle 11.64, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 13, p. 133.
17. Bede, 1.26.
Глава 36. Поход на Персию
1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 298.
2. Theophylact Simocatta, The History of Theophylact Simocatta, trans. Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby (1986), 8.1-3
3. Frye, «Political History of Iran under the Sasanians», in Yarshater, pp. 163–165.
4. Gregory, p. 151.
5. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 126–128; Maurice, Maurice’s Strategikon, trans. George T. Dennis (1984), 9.4.
6. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. I, pp. 85–86.
7. Ibid., pp. 88–89.
8. Ibid., p. 92.
9. Theophanes the Confessor, The Chronicle of Theophanes, trans. Harry Turtledove (1982), p. 1.
10. Gregory the Great, Epistle 13.31, in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 13, p. 173.
11. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 3; Ostrogorsky, p. 84.
12. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 9.
13. Ibid., p. 10.
14. Fredegar 4.34.
15. Antiochus Strategos, «The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD», trans. F. C. Conybeare, English Historical Review, 25 (1910), pp. 509–510.
16. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 12.
17. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 219.
18. Quoted in ibid., p. 220.
19. Ibid., p. 223.
20. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 13–14.
21. Ostrogorsky, pp. 100–101.
22. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 15.
23. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 55.
24. Fredegar, 4.48.
25. Collins, pp. 118–119; Ostrogorsky, pp. 102–103.
26. Theodore the Syncellus, Traduction et Commentaire de Thomelie ecriteprobablementpar Theodore le Syncelle sur le siege de Constantinople en 626, trans. Ferenc Makk (1975), 22.
27. Ostrogorsky, p. 103.
28. Theodore the Syncellus, 33.
29. Frye, History of Ancient Iran, p. 337.
30. Andreas N. Stratos, Byzantium in the Seventh Century, vol. 1 (1968), pp. 602–614.
31. al-Tabari, History, vol. 5, p. 678.
32. Theophanes, Chronicle, pp. 327–328.
Глава 37. Пророк
1. Jerry Rogers et al., Water Resources and Environmental History (2004), p. 36.
2. Dionysius, p. 65.
3. Paul Dresch, Tribes, Government, and History in Yemen (1993), p. 6; Keys, pp.
60-62; The Holy Quran, trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali (2000), Surah 34.15–16,19.
4. Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, p. 22.
5. Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, trans. A Guillaume (1997), p. 119.
6. Armstrong, Muhammad, pp. 58–59, 67–68, 94. Я крайне обязана Карен Армстронг за ее проницательный анализ разницы между племенным и городским арабским сообществом в пятом и шестом столетиях нашей эры.
7. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, vol. 1 (1974), pp. 149–150.
8. Ishaq, pp. 63, 73, 79.
9. Ibid., p. 84.
10. Ibid., p. 106.
11. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, p. 163.
12. Holy Quran, Surah 93; Ishaq, p. 112.
13. Ishaq, p. 119.
14. Ibid., p. 213.
15. Ibid., p. 221.
16. Ibid., p. 232.
Глава 38. Господство династии Тан
1. John Curtis Perry and Bardwell L. Smith, eds., Essays on T’ang Society (1976), pp. 20–21.
2. Barfield, pp. 142–144.
3. Roberts, p. 82.
4. Barfield, p. 144.
5. Roberts, p. 105.
6. Barfield, p. 145.
7. Hucker, p. 141; Rene Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes (1970), p. 102.
8. Roberts, p. 106; A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet, rev. ed. (1996), p. 35.
9. Grunfeld, pp. 35–37; Roberts, pp. 105–107.
10. Michael, p. in; Dora Shu-fang Dien, Empress Wu Zetian in Fiction and in History (2003), pp. 34–35.
11. Grousset, pp. 102–103.
12. С. P. Fitzgerald, The Empress Wu (1968), pp. 42–43.
13. Aston, Nihongi (1896), p. 191.
14. Aston, pp. 192–193.
15. Gary L. Ebersole, Ritual Poetry and the Politics of Death in Early Japan (1989), p. 231.
16. Carter J. Eckert et ah, Korea, Old and New (1990), pp. 42–43.
17. Ibid., p. 43.
Глава 39. Племя веры
1. Armstrong, Muhammad, p. 154.
2. Holy Qu’ran, Surah 2.13; Martin Lings, Muhammad (1983), pp. 126–127.
3. Ishaq, pp. 235–236.
4. Ibid., p. 280.
5. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 174–175.
6. Ishaq, pp. 286–289.
7. Lings, pp. 136–137; Holy Qu’ran, Surah 2.217.
8. Lings, pp. 140–141.
9. Ishaq, p. 464.
10. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 194–195.
11. Barnaby Rogerson, The Prophet Muhammad (2003), pp. 207ff.
12. Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, pp. 139–140.
13. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran, trans. G. Rex Smith (1994), p. 114.
14. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, pp. 55–56.
15. Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, p. 4L
16. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 86.
17. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 262–263.
18. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 114.
19. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 235.
20. Vasiliev, p. 211.
21. Collins, p. 120.
22. Timothy Gregory, p. 171.
23. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 287.
24. Paul the Deacon, 4.42.
25. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.
Глава 40. Перекрестье
1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.
2. Keay, p. 203.
3. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.
4. Ibid., p. 78.
5. Vincent Arthur Smith, The Early History of India (1904), p. 287.
6. Wolpert, p. 94; Gavin Flood, «The Saiva Traditions», in Gavin Flood, ed., The
Blackwell Companion to Hinduism (2003), pp. 200–203; Harsha, Nagananda, trans. Palmer Boyd (1999), pp. 47–49.
7. Smith, pp. 290, 294.
8. Schmidt, p. 29.
9. Sastri, History of South India, pp. 115–116. 10. Kulke, p. 105.
Глава 41. Проблемы империи
1. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 69.
2. Ibid., p. 70.
3. Collins, pp. 122–124.
4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 26–27.
5. Collins, p. 124; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 288.
6. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 43.
7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 22.
8. Abd al-Husain Zarrinkub, «The Arab Conquest of Iran and Its Aftermath», in
R. N. Frye, ed., The Cambridge History of Iran in Eight Volumes, vol. 4(1975), p. 23; al-Tabari, vol. 15, p. 69.
9. Zarrinkub, pp. 24–25; al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 78–79.
10. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 63.
11. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 72; Collins, p. 121; Zarrinkub, p. 21.
12. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 131, 138.
13. Ibid., pp. 141–142.
14. Ibid., pp. 188–189.
15. Ibid., p. 222.
16. Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Sharif al-Radi, Nahjul Balagha, trans. Mohammad Askari Jafery (1984), «Letter: To the Egyptians».
17. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 76.
18. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, pp. 214–215.
19. al-Radi, «A Reply to Mu’awiya’s Letter».
20. Ibid., «А Letter to Mu’awiya».
21. Ibid., «To His Soldiers Before the Battle of Siffin».
22. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, p. 216.
Глава 42. Закон и язык
1. Walter Pohl and Helmut Reimitz, Strategies of Distinction (1998), p. 58; Paul the Deacon, 4.42.
2. Pohl and Reimitz, p. 209.
3. Paul the Deacon, 5.6.
4. Ibid., 5.7.
5. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 302.
6. Ibid., p. 303.
7. Collins (1999), pp. 124–125; Dineschandra Sircar, Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India (1971), p. 290.
8. Ostrogorsky, p. 124.
9. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 331–333.
10. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 56–57.
11. Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Ascendancy (2000), p. 23.
12. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 59.
13. Collins, p: 227.
14. Sicker, p. 24; Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 98; Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 64.
15. Collins, p. 228.
Глава 43. Сотворение прошлого
1. David John Lu, Japan (1997), p. 27.
2. Piggott, p. 106; Lu, p. 27.
3. Piggott, pp. 83, 118–121.
4. Aston, p. 301.
5. Meyer, p. 37.
6. Michael, pp. 43–44, 113.
7. Meyer, pp. 44–45.
8. Piggott, pp. 1, 3.
9. Aston, pp. 110–111.
Глава 44. Дни императрицы
1. Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, р. 88.
2. R. W. L. Guisso, Wu Tse-T’ien and the Politics of Legitimization in Tang China (1978), p. 51.
3. Ibid., p. 52; Roberts, pp. 88–89.
4. Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, p. 116.
5. Ibid., pp. 127–128.
6. Ibid., pp. 135–136; Guisso, pp. 137–138.
7. Barfield, pp. 146–147.
8. Roberts, pp. 105-06.
9. Grousset, pp. 110–111; Roberts, p. 106.
10. Roberts, p. 90; Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, p. 163.
11. Guisso, p. 154; Michael, p. in.
12. Michael, pp. 111–112; MacGowan, p. 309.
13. Michael, p. 112; Roberts, pp. 90–91.