f Congress, World Digital Library. 64 Ms. 50 (93.MS.19). J. Paul Getty Museum. 70 J. Paul Getty Museum. 72 The Wife of Bath's Prologue Tale, from the Ellesmere manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales / Wikimedia Commons. 73 Lancelot and Guinevere from BL Add 10293, f. 325v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 75 Ms. Ludwig XV 7 (83.MR.177), fol. 2v. J. Paul Getty Museum. 80 Wikimedia Commons. 83 Helen and Paris from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 39v by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 84 Neoptolemus and Polyxena from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 36v by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 88 Ms. 121 (2021.7), fol. 53. J. Paul Getty Museum. 94 Ms. 121 (2021.7), fol. 21. J. Paul Getty Museum. 97 Ms. Ludwig XV 7 (83.MR.177), fol. 8. J. Paul Getty Museum. 103 Andrew W. Mellon Collection. The National Gallery of Art. 107 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 109 Widener Collection. The National Gallery of Art. 113 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 115 Ms. Ludwig XV 7 (83.MR.177), fol. 3v. J. Paul Getty Museum. 118 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 119 Charles H. and Mary F. S. Worcester Collection. Art Institute of Chicago. 120 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 122 Bequest of John L. Severance. Cleveland Museum of Art. 123 Pygmalion and the statue from BL Harley 4425, f. 178v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 124 Zeuxis and nude models from BL Harley 4425, f. 142 by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 127 Die Codices Palatini germanici in der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg. The University Library of Heidelberg. 129 Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Überstellung 1843 Schloss Ludwigsburg. 131 Rosenwald Collection. The National Gallery of Art. 133 Biblioteca Digital Hispánica. 135 Ms. Ludwig III 1 (83.MC.72), fol. 35v. J. Paul Getty Museum. 136 Ms. Ludwig XV 3 (83.MR.173), fol. 78. J. Paul Getty Museum. 138 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 140 Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. 141 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 143 Woman combing her hair by Master of Catherine of Cleves — 1460 — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands. (Public Domain). 145 Woman with death head from BL YT 7, f. 174. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 148 Ms. 68 (2001.45), fol. 8. J. Paul Getty Museum. 149, 150, 152 Metropolitan Museum of Art. 157 Lust from BL YT 3, f. 172v.
The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 161 Adam and Eve from BL Royal 14 E V, f. 13v by Giovanni Boccaccio, translated by Laurent de Premierfait. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 164 The ALBERTINA Museum. 170 Austrian National Library / Wikimedia Commons. 173 Vulcan, Venus and Mars from BL Harley 4425, f. 122v by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 175 Mordrain and Giseult in bed from BL Royal 14 E III, f. 32. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 179 The old man in bed with his young woman and the thief; (Chapter V: Von den Raben and the Aars) — Heidelberg University Library, Germany. (Public Domain). 184 Cognoscere uxorem (Conjugal intercourse) from BL Royal 6 E VI, f. 323. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 186 Ms. Ludwig XV 7 (83.MR.177), fol. 62v. J. Paul Getty Museum. 191 Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. 194 Universitäts-bibliothek Heidelberg, Cod. Pal. germ. 848. Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (Codex Manesse). 196 Court of Love from BL Royal 16 F II, f. 1 by Charles, duke of Orléans; Pseudo- Heloise. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 199 Wilhelm von Orlens declares his love to Princess Amelie in a chapel by Workshop of Diebold Lauber — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands. (Public Domain). 200 Jealous husband from BL Harley 4425, f. 85 by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 202 Aemilia from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 88v by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 204 Ms. 79 (2003.105), recto. J. Paul Getty Museum. 205 Attis, unable to respond to Agdistis' love, is driven to madness and emasculates himself by Maïtre François — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands. (Public Domain). 212 Detail from BL Sloane 1977, f. 7v by Roger Frugard of Parma (index Roger of Salerno, Roger de Salerne, Rogerius Salernitanus). The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 213 Ms. Ludwig VIII 3 (83.MK.94), fol. 43. J. Paul Getty Museum. 225 The National Library of Medicine. 229 Wikimedia Commons. 234 Ms. 14 (85.MK.239), fol. 8v. J. Paul Getty Museum. 237 Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds. Cleveland Museum of Art. 238 Adam and Eve from BL Harley 2838, f. 5. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 241 Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Fund. Cleveland Museum of Art. 244 January from BL Eg 1147, f. 6v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 245 March from BL YT 30, f. 3. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 244 (вверху) June from BL YT 3, f. 6. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 244 (внизу) Ms. Ludwig IX 18 (83.ML.114), fol. 7. J. Paul Getty Museum. 249 Woman churning by Master of Catherine of Cleves — 1460 — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands (Public Domain). 250 Biblioteca Digital Hispánica. 252 Wikimedia Commons. 253 Gaia Caecilia or Tanaquil from BL Royal 20 C V, f. 75 by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 261 City from BL Eg 1900, f. 9v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 264 Pamphila from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 54v by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 268 Balneum (Bath) from BL Royal 6 E VI, f. 179 by James le Palmer. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 274 Wikimedia Commons. 276 Acquired by Henry Walters. The Walters Art Museum (Creative Commons License). 277 Marcie with mirror and sculptor's tools from BL Royal 20 C V, f. 104 by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 280 Detail of a woman physician treating a female patient from BL Sloane 6, f. 177v by John of Arderne. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 282 Cranial operation from BL Sloane 1977, f. 2 by Roger Frugard of Parma (index Roger of Salerno, Roger de Salerne, Rogerius Salernitanus). The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 284 Wikimedia Commons. 287 Luxury from BL Royal 17 F IV, f. 297 by Valerius Maximus, translated by Simon de Hesdin and Nicholas de Gonesse. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 288 Berlin Staatsbibliothek, Ms. Dep. Breslau 2, vol. 2, fol. 244. 299 Nun from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 219 The British Library, United Kingdom. (Public Domain). 301 A nun at prayer (female donor?), with guardian angel — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands (Public Domain). 304 Female teacher from BL Harley 3828, f. 27v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 305 Lady from BL Harley 4431, f. 153 by Christine de Pizan (index Christine de Pisan). The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 307 Queen and ladies from BL Harley 4431, f. 323 by Christine de Pizan (index Christine de Pisan). The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 308 Edward II from BL Royal 15 E IV, f. 295v by Jean de Wavrin. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 311 Royal feast from BL Royal 2 B VII, f. 71v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 315 The queen of England, Eleanor of Aquitaine, before pope Clemens III by Maïtre François — KB, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands (Public Domain). 318 Presentation scene from BL Royal 15 E VI, f. 2v. 325 Wikimedia Commons. 328 Amalthea from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 27v. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 334 April: a woman holding a wreath of flowers — 1470 — K B, National Library of the Netherlands, Netherlands (Public Domain). 343 Sappho from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 57 by Giovanni Boccaccio. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain). 349 Sappho from BL Royal 16 G V, f. 57. The British Library, United Kingdom (Public Domain).
| Как жили женщины Средневековья — в городах, деревнях и высоких замках? Какими их хотели видеть мужчины и какими они были на самом деле? |
Противоречивые требования преследовали средневековых женщин всю жизнь. Женщине следовало быть красивой, но не следовало ничего для этого предпринимать.
Ей надлежало блюсти благочестие, но ее считали безнадежно порочной по природе. Она должна была хранить домашний очаг, рожать детей и много работать. Женщины были виноваты во всех бедствиях — от грехопадения Евы до Всемирного потопа и чумы. Как же они справлялись со всем этим?
Историк Элеанор Янега рассказывает о выдающихся женщинах того времени и других, менее известных, чьи истории скрыты в документах и судебных делах. Фермерши, хозяйки пивоварен, ремесленницы и художницы — они изменили представление о женской природе, интеллекте и способностях.
Перевод Елены Лалаян
#женскоесредневековье