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7. Модели предприятий: независимые фирмы и семейные империиРэнделл Морк и Бернард Ён
Введение
ХОТЯ неоклассическая экономическая теория опирается на одну-единственную модель организации фирмы, на практике в разных странах мира деловые предприятия устроены очень по-разному. Если не принимать во внимание принцип ограниченной ответственности, обеспечивающий защиту предпринимателя, а также организационно-правовую форму ограниченного товарищества и другие подобные юридические тонкости, в современной Америке и Британии понятия «фирма» и «корпорация» примерно равнозначны. Существуют целые отрасли знания, такие как «корпоративные» финансы, «корпоративное» управление и «корпоративное» стратегическое планирование, моделирующие принятие решения на уровне корпорации. Однако эта синонимичность с исторической точки зрения возникла недавно, а с географической – составляет исключительную редкость. Следовательно, прилагая названные отрасли экономической науки к другим странам и другим историческим периодам, можно столкнуться с нестыковками.