and Zachary Elkins, «Are Patriots Bigots? An Inquiry Into the Vices of In-Group Pride», American Journal of Political Science, 47 (January 2003), p. 171–188. Однако это исследование не представило свидетельств относительно того, какие ощущения испытывают патриоты, сравнивая (а они не могут не сравнивать) собственную страну с другими странами. Кроме того, данное исследование упустило из вида то обстоятельство, что в глобализованном мире взаимодействия между отдельными странами и, как следствие, сопоставления этих стран становятся все более частыми и неизбежными. В ежегодных статистических отчетах страны мира выстраиваются по рейтингу внутренней свободы, свободы прессы, коррупции, эффективности производства, степени глобализации, качества образования и по многим другим показателям. Сколь высока будет национальная гордость «патриота», если его страна в этих рейтингах окажется в конце списка?
{30} Horace M. Kallen, Culture and Democracy in the United States (New York: Boni & Liveright, 1924), p. 94.
{31} Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper, 1962), vol. 1, p. 3; Stanley Hoffmann, «More Perfect Union: Nation and Nationalism in America», Harvard International Review (Winter 1997/1998), p. 72.
{32} Franklin D. Roosevelt, quoted in John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), p. 3; Robert N. Bellah, The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in a Time of Trial (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1992), p. 88; Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted (Boston, Little Brown, 2nd. ed. 1973), p. 3.
{33} Wilbur Zelinsky, The Cultural Geography of the United States (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1992), p. 23–4.
{34} John Higham, Send These to Me: Jews and Other Immigrants in Urban America (New York: Atheneum, 1975), p. 6.
{35} Herman Merivale, Lectures on Colonization and Colonies Delivered Before the University of Oxford in 1839, 1840, & 1841 (London: Oxford University Press, 1928); Albert Galloway Keller, Colonization: A Study of the Founding of New Societies (Boston: Ginn, 1908).
{36} John Porter, The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 60, quoted in Jack p. Green and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), p. 205; Zelinsky, The Cultural Geography of the United States, p. 13–14; Michael Lind, Vietnam: The Necessary War (New York: Free Press, 1999), p. 122–23.
{37} Ronald Syme, Colonial Elites: Rome, Spain and the Americas (London: Oxford University Press, 1958), p. 18; Alexis de Tocqueville, letter to Abbe Leseur, 7 September 1831, quoted in George W. Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1938) p. 314.
{38} David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 6–7; J. Rogers Hollingsworth, «The United States», in Raymond Grew, ed., Crises of Political Development in Europe and the United States (Princeton University Press, 1978), p. 163.
{39} Louis Hartz, The Founding of New Societies (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1964). Относительно критики взглядов Харца на распространение американских ценностей и стабильность американского общества см. John Gerring, «The Perils of Particularism: Political History After Hartz», Journal of Policy History, 11 (1999), p. 313–22; Leo p. Ribuffo, «What Is Still Living in ‘Consensus’ History and Pluralist Social Theory», American Studies International, 38 (February 2000), p. 42–60.
{40} George Peabody Gooch, English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth Century (New York: Harper, 1959), p. 71.
{41} Frederick Jackson Turner, The Frontier in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 1920), p. 1.
{42} Peter D. Salins, Assimilation, American Style (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 23; U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 2000 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, p. 18.
{43} Richard T. Gill, Nathan Glazer, and Stephen A. Thernstrom, Our Changing Population (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1992); Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: Harper Collins, 1997), p. 283; Jim Potter, «Demographic Development and Family Structure», in Jack p. Greene and J. R. Pole, eds., Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), p. 149; Congressman Glover quoted in D. W. Meinig, The Shaping of America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 2, p. 222.
{44} Campbell Gibson, «The Contribution of Immigration to the Growth and Ethnic Diversity of the American Population», Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 136 (June 1992), p. 166.
{45} Richard Hofstadter, quoted in Hans Kohn, American Nationalism: An Interpretive Essay (New York: Macmillan, 1957), p. 13; Samuel p. Huntington, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 24, 23.
{46} Benjamin Franklin quoted in Kohn, American Nationalism, p. 7.
{47} Jürgen Heideking, «The Image of an English Enemy During the American Revolution», in Ragnhild Fiebig-von Hase and Ursula Lehmkuhl, eds., Enemy Images in American History (Providence, R. I.: Berghahn Books, 1997), p. 104, 95.
{48} John M. Owen IV, Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American Politiucs and International Security (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), p. 130 and passim.
{49} Rogers M. Smith, «The ‘American Creed’ and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States», Western Political Quarterly, 41 (June 1988), p. 226; Michael Lind, The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution (New York: Free Press, 1995), p. 46.
{50} Herbert C. Kelman, «The Role of Social Identity in Conflict Resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian Problem-Solving Workshops», paper presented at the Third Biennial Rutgers Symposium on Self and Social Identity: Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Resolution (April 1999), p. 1.
{51} George W. Pierson, The Moving American (New York: Knopf, 1973), p. 5; Jason Schacter, «Geographical Mobility: Population Characteristics», Current Population Reports (U. S. Census Bureau, p. 20–538, 2001), p. 1.; Stephen Vincent Benйt, Western Star (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1943), p. 3.
{52} Alexander Mackey quoted in John Higham, «Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History», The Journal of American History, 61 (June 1974), p. 17; Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965), p. 64.
{53} Frederick Jackson Turner, Frontier and Section: Selected Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961), p. 37; Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), p. 290, n. 3; Lord Dunmore quoted in Pierson, Moving America, p. 51. See generally Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978).
{54} Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 18.
{55} Russell Bourne, The Red King’s Rebellion: Racial Politics in New England, 1675–1678 (New York: Atheneum, 1990), p. 23–26; James D. Drake, King Philip’s War: Civil War in New England, 1675–1676 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999), p. 36–37.
{56} Alan Taylor, «In a Strange Way», New Republic, 13 April 1998, p. 39–40; Jill Lepore, The Name of War: King Philip’s War and the Origins of American Identity (New York: Knopf, 1998), p. 240; Eric B. Schultz and Michael J. Tougias, King Philip’s War: The History and Legacy of America’s Forgotten Conflict (Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press, 1999), p. 4–5.
{57} Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860 (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1973), p. 79; Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Vintage, 1945), vol. 1, p. 352. За этими словами Токвилля следует неожиданно эмоциональное и живописное описание выселения племени чокто, которое автор наблюдал в Мемфисе в 1831 году.
{58} James H. Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship, 1608–1870 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), p. 288–300; Peter H. Schuck and Rogers M. Smith, Citizenship Without Consent: Illegal Aliens in the American Polity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), p. 63ff; Chief Justice John Marshall, The Cherokee Nation vs. The State of Georgia, 30 U. S. 1 (1831).
{59} Edmund Randolph, History of Virginia (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1970), p. 253; Thomas Jefferson, «The Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson», in Adrienne Koch and William Peden, eds., The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson (New York: Modern Library, 1944) p. 51; John Patrick Doggins,