(Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, March 2002), p. 19; U. S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001, p. 45.
{312} Stephen A. Camarota, Immigrants in the United States—2002: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born Population (Washington: Center for Immigration Studies, Backgrounder, November 2002), p. 1; Boston Globe, 10 March 2003, p. A3, citing William Frey’s analysis of Census Bureau figures.
{313} Frederick Douglass, quoted in Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 48, 52.
{314} Ronald Takaki, Double Victory: A Multicultural History of America (Boston: Little, Brown 2000), p. 82.
{315} John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988) p. 12ff; Kevin Phillips, The Cousins’ Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. 543 ff.
{316} John A. Hawgood, The Tragedy of German-America (New York: G. p. Putnam’s Sons, 1940), p. 291–301; Ronald Fernandez, «Getting Germans to Fight Germans: The Americanizers of World War I», Journal of Ethnic Studies, 9 (1981), p. 64–664 Higham, Strangers in the Land, pp, 216 -17.
{317}New York Times, 5 July 1918, p. 1, 6; John J. Miller, «Americanization Past and Future», Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 11.
{318} Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970), p. 20; Mary C. Waters, Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 175.
{319} Michael Walzer, What It Means to Be an American (New York: Marsilio, 1992), p. 49.
{320}Boston Globe, 27 May 2002, p. A1; 15 August 2002, p. A3; 23 November 2002, p. A15.
{321} Miller, The Unmaking of Americans, p. 219–21.
{322} Marilyn Halter, Washington Post Weekly Edition, 24 July 2000, p. 21.
{323} См. Peter Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), passim; and Michael Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998) p.5, 69–90.
{324} Miller, The Unmaking of Americans, p. 120, 134–35, 221–23; James R. Edwards and James G. Gimbel, «The Immigration Game», American Outlook, Summer 1999, p. 43; Linda Chavez, «Multiculturalism Getting Out of Hand», USA Today, 14 December 1994, p. 13A.
{325} Mark Krikorian, «Will Americanization Work in America?» Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 51–52; Rubén G. Rumbaut, Achievement and Ambition among Children of Immigrants in Southern California (Jerome Levy Economics Institute, Working Paper No. 215, November 1997), p. 14–15; Peter Skerry, «Do We Really Want Immigrants to Assimilate?» Society, 37 (March-April 2000), p. 60, citing University of California Diversity Project, Final Report: Recommendations and Findings (Berkeley: Graduate School of Education, 2000).
{326} Fernando Mateo, quoted in New York Times, 19 July 1998, p. 1; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 3–4, 239–40; Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations, p. 5–6, 191–93; Robert S. Leiken, The Melting Border: Mexico and Mexican Communities in the United States (Washington, D. C.: Center for Equal Opportunity, 2000), p. 4–5.
{327} Suro, Strangers Among Us, p. 124.
{328} Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 219, citing 1990 census data.
{329} Ibid, p. 2–3.
{330} Deborah Sontag and Celia W. Dugger, «The New Immigrant Tide: A Shuttle Between Worlds», New York Times, 19 July 1998, p. 26; New York Times, 17 June 2001, p. 1; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 16, citing Lars Schoultz, «Central America and the Politicization of U. S. Immigration Policy», in Christopher Mitchell, ed., Western Hemisphere Immigration and United States Foreign Policy (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), p 189.
{331} Ryan Rippel, «Ellis Island or Ellis Farm» (Term paper, Gover-nment 1582, Harvard University, Spring 2002), p. 14, 28.
{332} Leiken, The Melting Border, p. 6, 13, 12–15; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 180ff.
{333} Stanley A. Renshon, Dual Citizens in America (Washington, D. C.: Center for Immigration Studies, backgrounder, July 2000), p. 3, and Dual Citizenship and American National Identity (Washington, D. C.: Center for Immigration Studies, Paper 20, October 2001), p. 15.
{334} Renshon, Dual Citizens in America, p. 6; Aleinikoff, «Between Principles and Politics: U. S. Citizenship Policy», in T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, eds., From Migrants to Citizens: Membership in a Changing World (Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000), p. 139–40.
{335} Michael Jones-Correa, «Under Two Flags: Dual Nationality in Latin America and Its Consequences for Naturalization in the United States», International Migration Review, 35 (Winter 2001), p. 1010.
{336} Ibid., p. 1016–17.
{337} Yasemin Soysal, Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. 205; Nathan Glazer, estimate, Harvard University, Globalization and Culture Seminar, 16 February 2001.
{338} Jones-Correa, «Under Two Flags», p. 1024; Boston Globe, 20 December 1999, p. B1; 13 May 2000, p. B3.
{339} Jones-Correa, «Under Two Flags», p. 1004, 1008.
{340}New York Times, 19 June 2001, p. A4, 3 July 2001, p. A7; Levitt, Transnational Villagers, p. 19.
{341} Относительно оценки стоимости и преимуществ двойного гражданства cм. Peter H. Schuck, «Plural Citizenships», in Noah M. J. Pickus, ed., Immigration and Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998), p. 162–76.
{342} James H. Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship, 1608–1870 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), p. 55, 267–69, 281–82, 343ff.
{343} Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 178.
{344} Aleinikoff, «Between Principles and Politics», p. 137.
{345} Peter H. Schuck and Rogers M. Smith, Citizenship Without Consent: Illegal Aliens in the American Polity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), p. 167, n 31.
{346} Renshon, Dual Citizenship and American National Identity, p. 6; Renshon, Dual Citizens in America, p. 3.
{347} См. Schuck, «Plural Citizenships», p. 149–51, 173 ff.; Renshon, Dual Citizenship and American National Identity, p. 11–12.
{348} Aristotle, The Politics, 1275a, 1278a, quoted in Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (New York: Basic Books, 1983), p. 53–54. См. p. 92–113 перевода Эрнеста Бейкера (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946) относительно обширных рассуждений Аристотеля о гражданстве при различных формах общественного устройства.
{349} Schuck, «Plural Citizenships», p. 169.
{350} Soysal, Limits of Citizenship, p. 1.
{351} Joseph H. Carens, «Why Naturalization Should Be Easy: A Response to Noah Pickus», in Pickus, Immigration and Citizenship, p. 143.
{352} Deborah J. Yashar, «Globalization and Collective Action», Comparative Politics, 34 (April 2002), p. 367, citing Soysal, Limits of Citizenship, p. 119ff.; Schuck and Smith, Citizenship Without Consent, p. 107.
{353} Aleinikoff, «Between Principles and Politics», p. 150.
{354} Peter J. Spiro, «Questioning Barriers to Naturalization», Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 13 (Summer 1999), p. 517; Aleinikoff, «Between Principles and Politics», p. 154.
{355} Jones-Correa, Between Two Nations, p. 198, n. 11; Leticia Quezada, quoted in Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 11–17 July 1994, p. 23.
{356} David Jacobson, Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 8–9; Sarah V. Wayland, «Citizenship and Incorporation: How Nation-States Respond to the Challenges of Migration», Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 20 (Summer/Fall 1996), p. 39; Irene Bloemraad, «The North American Naturalization Gap: An Institutional Approach to Citizenship Acquisition in the United States and Canada», International Migration Review, 36 (Spring 2002), p. 193–228, especially p. 209, and «A Macro-Institutional Approach to Immigrant Political Incorporation: Comparing the Naturalization Rates and Processes of Portuguese Immigrants in the US and Canada» (paper, annual meeting, American Sociological Association, August 1999, Chicago).
{357} Maria Jiminez, quoted in New York Times, 13 September 1996, p. A16; Jones-Correa Between Two Nations, p. 200.
{358} Immigration and Naturalization Service release, Boston Globe, 17 July 2002, p. A3.
{359} Spiro, «Questioning Barriers to Naturalization», p. 492, 518.
{360} Schuck and Smith, Citizenship Without Consent, p. 108.
{361} Carens, «Why Naturalization Should Be Easy», p. 146.