Jonathan Pollard, quoted in Seymour M. Hersh, «The Traitor», New Yorker, 18 January 1999, p. 26.
{487}Washington Post, 24 March 1997, p. A1ff.
{488} Khalil E. Jahshan, quoted in New York Times, 19 August 2002, p. A10.
{489}Washington Post, 24 March 1997, p. A1ff.
{490}New York Times, 19 August 2002, p. A10; Economist, 14 October 2000, p. 41.
{491} Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 1995); Karen Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998); Matthew Frye Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
{492} Reginald Byron, Irish America (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), p. 273.
{493} Will Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology (Garden City: Doubleday, 1955), p. 43–44; Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 175; Marcus Lee Hanson, The Problem of the Third Generation Immigrant (Rock Island, IL: Augustana Historical Society, 1938), p. 12; Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963), p. 313–314; Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew, p. 40, citing George Rippey Stewart, American Ways of Life (Garden City: Doubleday, 1954).
{494} Matthijs Kalmijn, «Shifting Boundaries: Trends in Religious and Educational Homogamy», American Sociological Review, 56 (December 1991), p. 786–800; Stephen Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth (New York: Atheneum, 1981), p. 70–71; Robert Christopher, Crashing the Gates: the De-WASPing of America’s Power Elite (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), p. 52–54.
{495} Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 121; Alan M. Dershowitz, The Vanishing American Jew: In Search of Jewish Identity for the Next Century (Boston: Little, Brown, 1997), p. 16; Richard D. Alba, «Assimilation’s Quiet Tide», Public Interest, 119 (Spring 1995), p. 15; Ari Shavit, «Vanishing», New York Times Magazine, 8 June 1997, p. 52; Gustav Niebuhr, «For Jews, a Little Push for Converts, and a Lot of Angst», New York Times, 13 June 1999, p. WE3.
{496} Alba, «Assimilation’s Quiet Tide», p. 13.
{497} Eric Liu, The Accidental Asian: Notes of a Native Speaker (New York: Random House, 1998), p. 188.
{498} Ibid.
{499} Richard D. Alba, Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), p. 294; Alba, «Assimilation’s Quiet Tide», p. 5.
{500} Alba, Ethnic Identity, p. 313–15.
{501} John David Skrentny, Color Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Civil Rights Options for America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 23; David A. Hollinger, Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism (New York: Basic, 1995), p. 30–31; Orlando Patterson, The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America’s «Racial» Crisis (Washington, D. C.: Civitas/Counterpoint, 1997), p. xi.
{502} Bureau of the Census/Bureau of Labor Statistics, «A CPS Supplement for Testing Methods of Collecting Racial and Ethnic Information: May 1995» (Washington: Bureau of Labor Statistics, October 1995), Table 4.
{503} Alba, Ethnic Identity, p. 316–17; Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks, p. 151.
{504} Alba, Ethnic Identity, p. 315; Stanley Lieberson, «Unhyphenated Whites in the United States», Ethnic and Racial Studies, 8 (January 1985), p. 173–175.
{505} Lieberson, «Unhyphenated Whites», p. 171–172; Boston Globe, 31 May 2002, p. A1; New York Times, 9 June 2002, p. 19.
{506} См. Economist, 28 February 1998, p.83.
{507} «Interracial Marriage», Vital STATS, August 1997, http://www.stats.org/newsletters/9708/interrace2.htm.
{508} Douglas J. Besharov and Timothy S. Sullivan, «One Flesh: America Is Experiencing an Unprecedented Increase in Black-White Intermarriage», New Democrat, 8 (July-August 1996), p. 19.
{509} Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Poll, 1999 Millenium Survey, April 6–May 6, 1999 polling, released October 24, 1999, http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=51; Karlyn Bowman, «Getting Beyond Race», American Enterprise Institute Memo, January 1999, earlier version in Roll Call, November 5, 1998; Frank D. Bean, quoted in Boston Globe, 6 July 2001, p. A5.
{510} Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll, 9–11 March, 2001, released March 13, 2001; New York Times, 13 March 2001, p. A1; Boston Sunday Globe, 18 February 2001, p. D8.
{511}Time, 142 (Special Issue, Fall 1993); Boston Sunday Globe, 18 February 2001, p. D8.
{512} Gina Philogène, From Black to African-American: A New Social Representation (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999), p. 16–17, 34, 51.
{513} Karl Zinsmeister, «Indicators», American Enterprise, 9 (November — December 1998), p. 18, citing Penn, Schoen, and Berland 1997 poll; Newsweek poll, February 1995, cited in Michael K. Frisby, «Black, White or Other», Emerge (December 1995–January 1996), http://www.usus.usemb.se/sft/142/sf14211.htm.
{514} Joel Perlmann and Roger Waldinger, «Are the Children of Today’s Immigrants Making It?» The Public Interest, 132 (Summer 1998), p. 86–87.
{515} David Gates, «White Male Paranoia», Newsweek, 29 March 1993, p. 48.
{516} Immanuel Wallerstein, «The Clinton Impeachment», Online Commentary, no. 10, February 15, 1999, http://fbc.binghamton.edu/10en.htm.
{517} John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (New Brunswick: N. J. Rutgers University Press, 1988), p. 4.
{518}Time, 14 May 2001, p. 6; New York Times, 30 April 2001, p. A17.
{519} Carol M. Swain, The New White Nationalism in American: Its Challenge to Integration (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 16–17.
{520}Economist, 11 March 2000, p. 4.
{521}Boston Globe, 21 December 1997, p. A40, citing 1997 Boston Globe/WBZ-TV Survey conducted by KRC Communications.
{522} Professor Charley Flint, quoted in Boston Globe, 21 December 1997, p. A40; Noel Ignatiev, quoted in Ibid. For a brief overview of whiteness studies as of 2003, see Darryl Fears, «Seeing Red Over ‘Whiteness Studies,’» Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 30 June–13 July 2003, p. 30.
{523} Swain, The New White Nationalism, p. 423.
{524} William V. Flores and Rina Benmayor, Latino Cultural Citizenship: Claiming Identity, Space, and Rights (Boston: Beacon Press, 1997), p. 3, 5, 9–10.
{525} Dorfman quoted in New York Times, 24 June 1998, p. A31; Flores and Benmayor, Latino Cultural Citizenship, p. 7.
{526}Boston Globe, 8 January 1995, p. A31.
{527}New York Times, 5 July 2000, p. A5.
{528} Jorge G. Castaсeda, «Ferocious Differences», Atlantic Monthly, 276 (July 1995), p. 76.
{529} Hyon B. Shin, with Rosalinda Bruno, Language Use and English-Speaking Ability (U. S. Census Bureau, October 2003), p. 2–3; U. S. Newswire, «Hispanic Population Reaches All-Time High New Census Bureau Estimates Show» (Medialink Worldwide Release, 18 June 2003).
{530} Jack Citrin, Donald Philip Green, Beth Reingold and Evelyn Walters, «The ‘Official English’ Movement and the Symbolic Politics of Language in the United States», Western Political Quarterly, 43 (September 1990), p. 537.
{531}Boston Globe, 26 November
{532} James Traub, «The Bilingual Barrier», New York Times Magazine, 31 January 1999, p. 35.
{533}New York Times, 16 December 2000, p. A15.
{534} Traub, «The Bilingual Barrier», New York Times Magazine, p. 35.
{535} Quoted in James Crawford, Bilingual Education: History, Politics, Theory, and Practice (Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services, 1995), p. 65.
{536} Quoted in Raymond Tatalovich, Nativism Reborn?: The Official English Language Movement and the American States (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995), p. 17.; Pamela L. Tiedt and Iris M. Tiedt, Multicultural Teaching: A Handbook of Activities, Information, and Resources, (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2nd ed., 1986), p. 15; Richard W. Riley, Remarks, Bell Multicultural High School, Washington, D. C., 15 March 2000.
{537}New York Times, 16 August 1999, p. B1; Geoffrey Nunberg, «Linguists and the Official Language Movement», Language, 65 (September 1989), p. 586.
{538} Max J Castro, «On the Curious Question of Language in Miami», in James Crawford, ed., Language Loyalties (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 183.
{539}Washington Post, 6 February 1999, A4; Domenico Maceri, «Americans are Embracing Spanish»,