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1. См.: Fitzgerald C. P. China: A Short Cultural History. P. 380–382.
2. Kent Deng. China’s Population Expansion and Its Causes During the Qing Period, 1644–1911 // London School of Economics Economic History Working Papers No. 219, London, 2015. P. 4.
3. Lin Yutang. The Gay Genius. New York: The John Day Company, 1947; репринт в книге Wang An-shih: Practical Reformer?: Problems in Asian Civilizations. Ed. John Meskill. Lexington: DC Heath and Company, 1963. P. 62.
4. См.: Lu Zhidan. Mao Zedong Critiques Historical Figures. Vol. 2. Beijing: Beijing Book Company, 2016.
5. Balazs Étienne. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964. P. 88–90.
6. См.: Gernet Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilisation. P. 288–289.
7. Ibid. P. 341.
8. См.: Colville Alex. Li Qingzhao, Poet, ‘The Most Talented Woman in History’ // SupChina, 6 April 2020.
9. Цит. по: Classical Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. Ed. John Minford, Joseph Lau. P. 699.
10. Su Dongpo. Memories of the Past at Red Cliff. Цит. по: Poetry and Prose of the Tang and Song. Ed. Yang Xianyi, Gladys Yang. Beijing: Panda Books, 1984. P. 255.
11. См.: Elvin Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. P. 87.
1. См.: Brooks Timothy. The Great Khan and His Portraitist // Great State, ebook.
2. Цит. по: The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Vol. 1. Ed. Colonel Sir Henry Yule. London: John Murray, 1903. P. 2.
3. Balazs Étienne. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy. P. 84.
4. Цит. по: Ibid. P. 91.
5. Gernet Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilisation. P. 376–379.
6. Ibid. P. 376–379.
7. Цит. по: Grousset René. Conquerer of the World: The Life of Chingis-khan. New York: Viking Press, 1966. P. 287.
1. Gernet Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilisation. P. 391.
2. Hammond Kenneth J. The Eunuch Wang Zhen and the Ming Dynasty // The Human Tradition in Premodern China. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. P. 146.
3. См.: Campbell Duncan M. The Huntington Library’s Volume of the Yongle Encyclopedia: A Bibliographical and Historical Note // East Asian History. Australian Centre for China in the World, Australian National University, 2020.
4. Ibid.
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7. См.: Fitzgerald C. P. China: A Short Cultural History. P. 474.
8. Hammond Kenneth J. The Eunuch Wang Zhen and the Ming Dynasty. P. 153.
9. Gernet Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilisation. P. 441.
10. Wen-yuan Qian. The Great Inertia: Scientific Stagnation in Traditional China. London: Croom Helm, 1985. P. 90, 25.
11. Beyond the Screen: Chinese Furniture of the 16th and 17th Centuries. Ed. Nancy Berliner. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1996. P. 32.
12. Fitzgerald C. P. China: A Short Cultural History. P. 470.
13. Gernet Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilisation. P. 425–426.
14. Цит. по: Lovell Julia. Beauty and Bloodbaths in the Ming Dynasty.
15. Spence Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. P. 44–45.
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2. Цит. по: Spence Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. P. 64.
3. Spence Jonathan D. Emperor of China. P. xviii.
4. Barmé Geremie. The Forbidden City. P. xiii.
5. Barmé Geremie. The Garden of Perfect Brightness: A Life in Ruins // The Fifty-Seventh George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology 1996. Canberra: Australian National University, 1996. P. 125.
6. См.: Wasserstrom Jeffrey, Cunningham Maura Elizabeth. China in the 21st Century. P. 33.
7. Цит. по: Spence Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. P. 145–146.
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9. Цит. по: Wasserstrom Jeffrey. Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink. New York: Columbia Global Reports, 2020. P. 18.
10. A Letter from the American Baptist Missionary Rev. I J Roberts, цит. по Western Reports on the Taiping. Ed. Prescott Clarke, J. S. Gregory. Canberra: ANU Press, 1982. P. 19.
11. Departed But Not Forgotten // Women of China. Beijing, 1984. P. 142.
12. Цит. по: Li Chien-nung. Political History of China 1840–1928. New York: Van Nostrand, 1956. P. 81.
13. См.: Gilbert Peter, Tate Jim. China, Part 1: Early Western Contacts to 1911. Canberra: Australian National University Press. P. 55.
14. Barmé Geremie. The Garden of Perfect Brightness. P. 131.
15. Ibid. P. 132.
16. Цит. по: Young-tsu Wong. A Paradise Lost: The Imperial Garden Yuanming Yuan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001. P. 149.
17. Цит. по: Barmé Geremie. The Garden of Perfect Brightness. P. 137.
18. Victor Hugo. The Sack of the Summer Palace. Letter to Captain Butler, 25 November 1861.
19. Spence Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. P. 221.
20. Jie Liu. China’s Views of History: The Prospect of Changing Self-Image // Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies. Vol. 2, 2013. No. 1. P. 55–76.
21. Cheng Donald G. et al. Loss of a Recorded Heritage: Destruction of Chinese Books in the Peking Siege of 1900 // Library Trends. Vol. 55, 2007. No. 3. P. 435.
22. Spence Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. P. 233.
23. См.: Jie Liu. China’s Views of History. P. 62.
24. Bachner Andrea. 1899: Oracle Bones, That Dangerous Supplement // A New Literary History of Modern China. Ed. David Der-wei Wang. Cambridge: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2017.
25. См.: Lee Yee. China, the Man-Child of Asia: Hong Kong Apostasy // China Heritage, 26 September 2019.
26. Lin Qi. The Poisoned Palace – Mystery of Last Emperor’s Death // China Daily, 21 November 2008.
1. Shenzhou Daily, 27 August 1912. Цит. по: Yuxin Ma. Women Journalists and Feminism in China, 1898–1937. New York: Cambria Press, 2010. P. 115.
2. См.: Moser David. A Billion Voices. Melbourne: Penguin, 2016.
3. См.: Spence Jonathan D. Search for Modern China. P. 282.
4. Цит. по: Ibid. P. 289.
5. Zheng Wang. Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. California: University of California Press, 1999. P. 98.
6. Цит. по: Fish Eric. 1919 to 2019: A Century of Youth Protest and Ideological Conflict Around May 4 // SupChina, 1 May 2019.
7. New Youth. Ed. 4. Vol. 4, 1918; Hu Shih and Chinese Language Reform // Language Log, 4 February 2017.
8. Lu Xun’s Revolution // Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013. P. 232.
9. Lu Xun and His Legacy // Ed. Leo Ou-fan Lee. California: University of California Press, 1985. P. 132.
10. Разные источники дают разные цифры. Эти взяты отсюда: Over There: The Pictorial Chronicle of Chinese Laborer Corps in the Great War. Shandong: Shandong Pictorial Publishing House. P. 2.
11. Remarks by Deputy National Security Advisor Matt Pottinger to the Miller Center at the University of Virginia. Washington, D.C.: White House, 4 May 2020.
12. Ko Dorothy. Cinderella’s Sisters: A Revisionist History of Footbinding. California: University of California Press, 2005. P. 77.
13. Barmé Geremie, Jaivin Linda. New Ghosts, Old Dreams. P. 344.
14. См.: Tien-Wei, Wu. A Review of the Wuhan Debacle: The Kuomintang – Communist Split of 1927 // The Journal of Asian Studies. Vol. 29, 1969. No. 1. P. 125–143.
1. Tuchman, Barbara W. Sand. Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–1945. London: Macmillan, 1971. Chapter 5.
2. Mao Zedong. Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan. March 1927 // Selected Works. Vol. I. Oxford: Pergamon, 2014. P. 28.
3. Chiang Kai-shek. Essentials of the New Life Movement, 1934. Цит. по: Sources of Chinese History: Volume 2. Eds. Wm. Theodore de Bary, Richard Lufrano. P. 341–344.
4. См.: Rice Edward E. Mao’s Way. California: University of California Press, 1972. P. 84–86.
5. Smedley Agnes. Battle Hymn of China. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1944. P. 121–122.
6. Yang Jintao. A Spirited Conversation Between Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei: The Only Escape from the Nation-Dooming Dynastic Cycle Is «Democracy» // People’s Daily, 24 October 2013.
7. Цит. по: Leys Simon. Bureaucrats // Chinese Shadows. London: Penguin, 1978. P. 125.
8. См.: Watts Jonathan. Japan Guilty of Germ Warfare Against Thousands of Chinese // The Guardian, 28 August 2002.