170 Ayad Allawi, «How the U.S. and the World Can Help Iraq», Washington Post, August 31, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-the-us-and-world-can-help-iraq/2011/08/30/gIQAIPZxsJ_story.html.
171 Jim Lobe, «US Standing Plunges Across the Arab World», Al-Jazeera, July 14, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/featutes/2011/07/2011714413787827.html.
172 Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal, and Michael E. O’Hanlon, Bending History: Barack Obama’s Foreign Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012), p. 112.
173 Там же. С. 121.
174 Там же. С. 122.
175 Там же.
176 Dan Ephron, «The Wrath of Mahmoud Abbas», Daily Beast, April 24, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/04/25/mahmoud-abbas-interview-palestinian-leader-frustration-with-obama.html.
177 Jim Lobe, «US Standing Plunges Across the Arab World», Al-Jazeera, July 14, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/07/2011714104413787827.html.
178 «President Barak Obama’s Inaugural Address», White House Blog, http://www, whitehouse.gov/blog/inaugural-address.
179 «Obama Pledges Support for Tunisia», Al-Jazeera, October 8, 2011, http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/08/170747.html.
180 Indyk, Lieberthal, and O’Hanlon, Bending History, pp. 146—48. Смотри также комментарии президента, «Remarks by the President on the Situation in Egypt», http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/01/remarks-president-situation-egypt.
181 «Clinton Calls for ‘Peaceful, Orderly Transition’ in Egypt», McClatchy, January 30, 2012, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/01/30/107726/clinton-calls-for-peaceful-orderly.html.
182 Steven Cook, The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 272–307.
183 James Mann, The Obamians: The Struggle Inside the White House to Define American Power (New York: Viking, 2012).
184 Там же. С. 279.
185 Helene Cooper, Mark Landler, and David E. Sanger, «In U. S. Signals to Egypt, Обама Straddled a Rift», New York Times, February 12, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/world/middleeast/13diplomacy.hnml?pagewanted=all.
186 Robin Wright, Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion Across the Islamic World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012); Marc Lynch, The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East (New York: Public Affairs, 2012), pp. 43–66.
187 Alaa Al Aswany, От the State of Egypt: What Made the Revolution Inevitable (New York: Vintage, 2011); Narek Osman, Egypt on the Brink (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).
188 Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution (New York: Anchor, 1955), p. 177.
189 У «Мусульманского братства» было большинство в 38 % голосов и 235 из 498 мест в насчитывающем 508 мест Народном собрании (символические 10 мест заполнялись по назначению президента страны). Исламская салафитская партия «Аль-Нур», даже чуть более радикальная, чем «Братья-мусульмане», получила 28 % и 123 места.
190 Martin Indyk, Кеnneth G. Lieberthal, and Michael E. O’Hanlon, «Scoring Obama’s Foreign Policy», Foreign Affairs, May/June 2012, p.
191 Tony Smith, America’s Mission: The United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
192 Mary Elise Sarotte, 1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011).
193 Lynch, Arab Uprising.
194 Vali Nasr, «Economics Versus Extremism», Newsweek International, November 2, 2009, pp. 56–58.
195 Steven Cook, «On the Economy, Egypt’s New Leaders Should Follow Mubarak», Bloomberg View, May 26, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011—05–26/on-the-economy-egypt-s-new-leaders-should-follow-mubarak.html.
196 Ari Paul, «Egypt’s Labor Pains: For Workers the Revolution Has Just Begun», Dissent, Fall 2011, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=4048.
197 Sinan Ulgen, «Supporting Arab Economics in Transition», International Economic Bulletin, July 5, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/07/05/supporting-arab-economics-intransition/ck6p.
198 «Unfinished Business», Economist, February 4, 2012, p. 49.
199 Ulgen, «Supporting Arab Economics in Transition».
200 Ibrahim Saif, Challenges of Egypt’s Economic Transition (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011), p. 4, доступно по адресу; http://carnegieendowment.org/files/egypt_econ_trnsition.hdf.
201 Hafez Ghanem, “Two Economic Priorities for Post-Election Egypt: Macro-Stabilization and Corruption Control», Brookings Institution, June 25, 2012, http://www.brookings, edu/research/opinions/2012/06/25-post-election-egypt-ghanem.
202 Там же.
203 Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).
204 Jean-Paul Carvalho, A Theory of the Islamic Revival, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, March 2009, p. 39, http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/Research/wp/pdf/paper424.pdf.
205 Nathan J. Brown, When Victory Becomes an Option: Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Confronts Success (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2012), доступно по электронному адресу: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/brotherhood_success.pdf.
206 Zeinab Abul-Magd, «The Egyptian Republic of Retired Generals», Foreign Policy, May 8, 2012, http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/05/08/the_egyptian_republic_of_retired-generals.
207 David Sanger, Confront and Conceal: Obama’s Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power (New York: Crown, 2012), pp. 314—15.
208 «The Other Arab Spring», Economist, August 11, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21560243?fsrc=scn/tw_ec/the_other_arab_spring; Vali Nasr, Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What It Will Mean for Our World (New York: Free Press, 2009); Christopher M. Schroeder, «The Middle East Could Be a Cradle of Innovation», Harvard Business Review, October 12, 2012; http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2012/10/the_middle_east_could_be_a cra.html; Wright, Rock the Casbah.
209 Michael Mandelbaum, Democracy’s Good Name: The Rise and Risks of the World’s Most Popular Form of Government (New York: Public Affairs, 2007), pp. 91–92.
210 «Hilary Clinton Deserves Credit for U. S. Role in Libya: View», Bloomberg View, September 7, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011—09–08/hillary-clinton-deserves-credit-for-the-positive-u-s-role-in-libyz-view.html.
211 Mann, The Obamians, p. 279.
212 William Arkin and Dana Priest, Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State (Boston: Little, Brown, 2011).
213 Sanger, Confront and Conceal, pp. 243—72.
214 Peter Bergen, «Warrior in Chief», New York Times, April 29, 2012, p. SR1.
215 David Rodhe, «The Obama Doctrine», Foreign Policy, March/April 2012, pp. 65–69.
216 Greg Miller, «U.S. Set to Keep Kill Lists for Years», Washington Post, October 24, p. A1.
217 Майкл О’Хэнлон считает, что администрации не хватает эффективной стратегии работы с недееспособными государствами. См.: «Obama’s Weak and Failing States Agenda», Washington Quarterly 35, no. (Fall 2012): 67–80.
218 Hassan Bin Talal, «U.S. Can’t Abandon the Middle East», Los Angeles Times, April 17, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/17/opinion/la-oe-hassan-middle-east-engagement-20120417.
219 Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), pp. 167—83.
220 Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the U.S., Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), pp. 137—98.
221 См.: Gene Whitney, Carl E. Behrens, and Carol Glover. «U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources: Terminology, Reporting, and Summary», U. S. Congressional Research Service, March 25, 2011, p. 22, Table 6, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40872_20110325.pdf.
222 Alex de Marban, «North Dakota Crude Elbows Alaska Oil Out of Washington Refinery», Alaska Dispatch, June 13, 2012, http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/north-dakota-crude-elbows-alaska-oil-out-washington-refinery.
223 Thomas Friedman, «The Other Arab Spring», New York Times, April 8, 2012, p. SR1.
224 «Lights Out: Another Threat to a Fragile Country’s Stability», Economist, October 8, 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21531495.
225 Michael Kugelman, «Pakistan’s Climate Challenge», Foreign Policy, May 9, 2012, http://afpak.foreignpolicy.com/posts/ 2012/05/09/pakistans_climate_change.
226 John Bongaarts, Zeba Sathar, and Arshad Mahmoud, «Seven Billion People, How Many Pakistanis?» News, November 1, 2011, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-9—75429-Seven-billion-people-how-many-Pakistanis; «Pakistan to Become the World’s 4th Largest Nation by 2050: Survey»,