321 Although “the fate of the Confederacy”: Ibid.
321 “if he was not going to give battle”: Ibid.
321 McClellan was advancing “cautiously”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 58.
321 He still believed: Sears, George B. McClellan, 189.
323 “If Lee was the Jove of the war”: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 46.
323 On May 30: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 66.
323 At the junction: Ibid., 68.
323 “witnessed the advance”: Reagan, Memoirs, 141.
324 “I protested”: Ibid.
324 Johnston had replied: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 72.
324 Shortly after this news: Reagan, Memoirs, 141.
325 For the moment: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), Vol. 1, text accompanying map 43.
325 “as much mud”: Charles Dickens, Bleak House, in The Works of Charles Dickens (New York: Scribner, 1899), Vol. XVI, 1.
325 Davis and Lee rode back: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 74.
325 In the judgment of J. F. C. Fuller: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 156.
328 bayonets were responsible for less: Wikipedia, “Bayonet.”
328 “in a state of utter exhaustion”: Sears, George B. McClellan, 196.
328 “his communications and the immense park”: Le Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America, Vol. 2, 69.
328 he left things as they were: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 77.
329 “feeble and accomplished nothing”: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, 1689–1900, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 43.
329 “After much reflection I think”: Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of Robert E. Lee (New York: Putnam, 1915), 5.
332 “conducted with your usual skill”: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XII, Part 3 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1885), 908.
333 “Leave your enfeebled troops”: Ibid., 910.
334 “In moving your troops”: Ibid., 913.
334 He put J. E. B. Stuart: Ibid., 916.
335 McClellan’s left was anchored: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 96.
335 Stuart set off: Jeffrey D. Wert, Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J. E. B. Stuart (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008), 103.
335 “a tasseled yellow sash”: Ibid., 94.
337 “That will depend on the time”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 102.
339 “Honest A has again fallen”: Sears, George B. McClellan, 200–1.
339 “I will then have them”: Ibid., 201, 204.
339 Jackson spent that day: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 460–61.
339 He wore no badges: Ibid., 461.
339 In the mid-afternoon: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 107.
340 Hill shepherded: Ibid., 109.
340 Jackson was thirty-eight: Ibid.
340 Like Lee, Longstreet: Ibid.
341 When asked when his army: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 466.
343 He ordered General Samuel P. Heintzelman: Sears, George B. McClellan, 204.
344 “If there is one man”: Emory Thomas, Robert E. Lee (New York: Norton, 1995), 226.
344 Though Lee could not have: Sears, George B. McClellan, 205.
345 “Stonewall is coming up”: C. Vann Woodward, ed., Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 395.
345 Had McClellan chosen: Sears, George B. McClellan, 205–6.
346 He had willed himself: Coulling, The Lee Girls, 104.
348 “The four divisions”: The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XI, Part 2 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1884), 499.
348 “In your march”: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 469.
348 In the days when roads: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 66.
349 Even the faithful Walter Taylor: Ibid., 65.
349 “The Confederate commanders”: Richard Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War, Richard B. Harwell, ed. (New York: Longmans Green, 1955), 107–8.
349 Jackson had given himself: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 476.
349 On June 24: Ibid., 467.
350 His assistant adjutant general: Ibid., 360.
350 Dabney had no military experience: Ibid., 467.
351 It may have been that: Ibid., 469.
351 “underway” by 2:30 a.m.: Ibid., 470.
353 Stuart and his cavalry: Ibid., 471.
353 Jackson had accepted: Ibid., 470.
355 As Jackson understood his orders: Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command (New York: Scribner, 1942), Vol. 1, 513.
355 From here, he could see: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 125.
356 If Lee felt any anxiety: Ibid., 127.
356 Even before then Lee: Ibid., 129.
357 It was after 5 p.m.: Ibid., 130.
357 “It is not my army”: Ibid., 132.
357 He dictated an order: Ibid.
358 Instead, McClellan: Sears, George B. McClellan, 209.
359 “to think we are invincible”: Ibid., 208–10.
360 Porter was too busy: Ibid., 210.
361 “the seedy appearance”: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 476.
362 “This position, three miles”: Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 87.
362 Lee’s plan was that Jackson: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 142.
363 It was 11 a.m.: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 476.
363 “‘Gentlemen,’ Lee said to his staff”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 144.
363 At 2:30 p.m. A.P. Hill attacked: Ibid., 146.
364 He had deployed his men: Ibid., 148.
364 The Confederate soldiers from A. P. Hill’s division: Ibid., 146–47.
365 A Union war correspondent: Charles A. Page, Letters of a War Correspondent, James R. Gilmore, ed. (Boston: L. C. Page, 1899), 5–6.
365 “brutally repulsed”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee.
365 The Timberlake family’s farm: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 477.
367 Jackson ordered the twenty-six-year-old: Ibid., 476.
367 Private Timberlake began to explain: Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, Vol. 1, 524.
368 Though Private Timberlake could not have known it: Robert Lewis Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut. General Thomas J. Jackson (New York: Blelock, 1866), 443.
369 “No, let us trust”: Ibid., 444.
369 The Federals were not retreating: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 149.
370 There was no time: Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 88.
370 Just before six o’clock: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 153.
370 The sound of firing: Ibid.
371 “Sweep the field with the bayonet!”: Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut. General Thomas J. Jackson, 163; Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 481 and 875 n62.
371 “the incessant roar of musketry”: Page, Letters of a War Correspondent, 5.
372 “The men were within twenty yards”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 155.
372 Lee’s aide Major Taylor: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 69.
372 “A motley mob”: Page, Letters of a War Correspondent, 7.
372 “Scores of riderless”: Ibid.
373 “I have lost this battle”: George Francis Robert, Henderson, Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War (New York: Longmans, Green, 1900), Vol. 2, 239; Sears, George B. McClellan, 213–14.
374 With commendable restraint Lincoln: Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1878), 47.
374 “Jackson’s whole force”: “General Estimates of the Rebel Forces in Virginia,” ibid., 71.
374 “A train was heard approaching”: Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 89.
376 Magruder was anxious: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 165.
377 The rough-and-ready reconstruction: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 489.
378 The result was a bloody draw: Wikipedia, “Battle of Savage’s Station.”
379 “I regret much that”: Gary W. Gallagher, Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998), 129; Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 490.
380 “A heavy rain came down”: Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 89.
380 As for McClellan himself: Sears, George B. McClellan, 218–19, 217.
381 Jackson reached Magruder’s headquarters: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 491.
381 “to pursue the enemy on the road”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 180.
382 Major Dabney describes the ground: Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Stonewall Jackson, 465–66.
382 He adds that “the remainder of the afternoon”: Ibid., 466–67.
382 Indeed, Jackson was so exhausted: Ibid., 467.
383 Even Dabney, who was there: Ibid., 466.
383 “a little clearing of broom straw”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 181.
384 Lee’s plan, which had called for: Wikipedia, “Battle of Glendale,” 2.
385 Jackson, who had at last retired: Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Stonewall Jackson, 473.
385 “No, I think he will clear out”: Ibid.
385 In short, the whole army of McClellan: Ibid., 469.
386 “a natural fortress”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 204.
386 “His temper”: Ibid., 200.
387 Longstreet was bluffly optimistic: Ibid.
387 “If General McClellan is there”: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 143.
387 “Don’t get scared”: General D. H. Hill, “McClellan’s Change of Base,” Century Magazine, Vol. 30, 1885, 450.
387 When Brigadier General Jubal A. Early: John Goode, Recollections of a Lifetime (New York: Neale, 1906), 58.
389 On the right, pioneers: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 206.
390 “Batteries have been established”: Thomas, Robert E. Lee, 242.
391 “When the hunt was up”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, xxii.
392 Lee feared that: Ibid., 116.
392 “It was not war”: William C. Davis, The Battlefields of the Civil War (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 69.
392 “grandly heroic”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 218.