450 As Jackson began to advance: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 510.
450 Lee himself rode forward: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 154.
451 Longstreet pushed his men: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 335.
451 “Why, General”: Robert E. Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 76–77.
452 Both wings of the Confederate army: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 114.
452 “Though the fighting”: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 63.
452 By this time it was raining: Sears, George B. McClellan, 256.
452 The state of panic: Ibid., 257.
454 He wrote late that night: Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of General Robert E. Lee, C.S.A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America, 1862 (New York: Putnam, 1957), 59–60.
454 Lee carefully gave: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 338.
455 At the break of day: Ibid.
455 Longstreet would “remain on the battlefield”: Ibid., 339.
455 Having set Jackson in motion: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 115.
456 Quite apart from the pain: Ibid.
456 Longstreet followed Jackson at 2 p.m.: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 340.
456 Longstreet complained: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 157.
457 This was not a success: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 341.
457 Longstreet, who came up: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 158.
457 “as the storm of the battle”: Ibid.
457 One of the Union casualties of the battle: Ibid., 159.
458 However much Lee despised Pope: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 342.
458 He had taken over 7,000: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 117.
459 “Unless something can be done”: Ibid.
459 “My men had nothing to eat”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 304.
459 Victorious they might be: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 349.
460 Maryland offered many strategic advantages: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 166.
460 “The present seems to be”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1887), 590–1.
460 “not properly equipped”: Ibid., 590.
460 On September 4 he ordered: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 167.
461 President Lincoln and General Halleck were obliged: Sears, George B. McClellan, 263.
461 Even then he managed: Ibid., 268–69.
462 Lee wrote, “but being made”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II, 600.
462 “McClellan has the army with him”: Sears, George B. McClellan, 262.
462 When he reviewed: Ibid.
463 “The march of the Confederates”: Le Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America (Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1886), Vol. 2, 317–18.
463 The state of his army: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 359, n22.
463 More seriously still: Ibid., 359.
464 Admittedly, Lee’s line of communications: Ibid.
464 Lee had constantly borne in mind: Ibid., 360–61.
465 cut the East “off from the West”: Ibid.
465 This is the first but not the last time: Ibid., 359.
466 Lee heard Longstreet’s booming voice: Ibid., 361, n46.
466 As one of Lee’s two army commanders: Ibid.
467 Lieutenant-Colonel Fremantle: Lt. Col. Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 249.
467 “He is an able general”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 362.
468 It might serve: Ibid., 363.
468 Accidentally dropped in “an abandoned Confederate camp”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 168.
470 Mayor-General J. F. C. Fuller turns positively apoplectic: Ibid., 168.
471 The two men reached Hagerstown: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 366.
472 At this moment of crisis: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 179.
473 Whatever Lee hoped, at this point: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 369.
473 “at daylight”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 179.
474 This was hardly surprising: Wikipedia, “Battle of Harpers Ferry,” 6.
474 Lee was relieved by this good news: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.
475 It was only twelve miles: Wikipedia, “Battle of Harpers Ferry,” 6.
477 Lee would be obliged to fight: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.
477 On the morning of September 16: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 381.
477 “if he had had a well-equipped”: Ibid.
478 He expressed only the rather vague intention: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.
479 Federal artillery was already firing: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 382.
479 At 4:30 a.m. Lee was awake: Ibid., 387.
480 Even “Fighting Joe” Hooker: Ronald H. Bailey, Antietam: The Bloodiest Day (New York: Time-Life Books, 1984), 70.
481 Around 7:30 a.m.: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 391.
481 “to be sent to Jackson”: Ibid., 390.
481 Lee’s faithful aide: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 134.
482 Long, who was beside Lee: Ibid., 131.
482 Everywhere on the field: Rufus Robinson Dawes, Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers (Marietta, Ohio: E. R. Alderman, 1890), 95.
483 “The roar of musketry”: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 132.
483 The slaughter in Bloody Lane: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 392.
484 “without getting their waist belts”: Henry Kyd Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1940), 172.
484 “Gentlemen, we will not cross”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 224–25.
484 This was determination indeed: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 214.
485 “The passage of the Potomac”: Heros von Borcke, Memoirs of the Confederate War of Independence (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1866), Vol. I, 255.
CHAPTER 9 Glory—Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
488 “Yes, my son”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 77–98.
489 Lee had advised his wife: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 105.
489 Lee, like many another parent: Ibid., 106.
489 “At the usual hour”: Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1878), 76.
490 “He was the father of a tenderly-loved daughter”: Ibid., 76–77.
490 He ended on a bleaker note: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 79–80.
490 “Perfect and true are all His ways”: Ibid., 80–81.
490 Lee finally gave his army two months: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 2, 415.
491 “Will you pardon me”: Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 334.
492 In this he was perfectly right: Ibid., 340.
492 “[Burnside] is as sorry”: Ibid., 341.
493 He intended to “give up”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 170.
493 Lincoln, who was by now: Ibid., 170.
496 When Lee arrived at Fredericksburg: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 433.
497 Anxious to prevent the slaughter: Ibid., 434.
498 Forced to wait patiently: Ibid., 442.
498 “These people delight to destroy”: Ibid., 446.
499 heavy fog concealed: Ibid., 452.
499 The morning of December 13: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 146.
499 “No doubt every heart”: Ibid., 150–51.
500 Without smiling, Jackson mounted: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 128.
500 “as if the ready war god”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 456.
501 “The people [of Wilmington]”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXI (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1888), 1061.
501 On the left: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 458.
502 “It is well that war”: Ibid., 462.
502 “General, they are massing”: Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 221.
502 “A series of braver”: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 265.
503 “About 9 a.m.”: War of the Rebellion: Formal Reports, Both Union and Confederate, The First Seizures of United States Property in the Southern States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. War Department, 1985), Vol. 53, 523.
503 “naked and discolored”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 470.
503 “Our commander-in-chief”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.
504 “It was not a battle”: Patrick Hook and Steve Smith, The Stonewall Brigade (Minneapolis, Minn.: Zenith, 2008), 65.
504 “If there is a worse place”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Fredericksburg,” 14.
504 His headquarters: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 85.
505 “one fourth pound of bacon”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part II (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 730, quoted in Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 494.
505 “his pleadings”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 124.
505 “My thoughts revert”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 87.
506 “My heart bleeds”: Ibid., 89.
506 “As regards the liberation of the people”: Ibid., 90.
506 “[The snow] was nearly”: Ibid., 93.
507 “the doctors tapping me”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 503.