585 All together, Lee had 125: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 109–10.
585 The rest were scattered: Ibid.
585 As Longstreet reckoned: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 325.
586 “filled with wounded”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 262.
586 “the range of heights”: Ibid., 263.
587 “little clump of trees”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 111.
588 “I heard a thud on my right”: John H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry (New York: Neale, 1912), 129.
590 “if General Longstreet’s attack should fail”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 114.
590 Lee folded up his map: Ibid.
590 “If the artillery”: Ibid., 115.
591 “entirely successful”: Edward Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Scribner, 1914), 421.
591 “calm and confident”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 116.
592 “For every Southern boy”: From William Faulkner’s Intruder in the Dust. See Charles Shelton Aiken, William Faulkner and the Southern Landscape (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 115.
594 The first salvo: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 197.
594 saw “a shell go through six horses”: Earl J. Hess, Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 149.
594 “Shells burst in the air”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 27, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 706.
594 “made a very hell”: Jacob Hoke, Historical Reminiscences of the War (Chambersburg, Pa.: M.A. Foltz Printer, 1884), 81.
594 “too much elevation”: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 196.
594 “a display of fireworks”: Jeffrey D. Wert, Gettysburg: Day Three (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 182.
594 “sheltered lines of infantry”: “Review of the Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, R.A. Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: Southern Historical Society, 1909), Vol. 37, 137.
595 “For God’s sake come quick”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 290.
595 Although Brigadier General Hunt was trying: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 120.
596 Lee’s artillery chief: Ibid., 121.
596 “nearly exhausted”: Ibid.
596 Alexander reported to Longstreet: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 350.
596 “fill up his ammunition chests”: Ibid., 351.
596 “grand march moved bravely on”: Ibid.
596 “the salute of the officers”: Ibid., 350.
598 “Yankee dead”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 264.
598 “his colors cut down”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 332.
599 As the Confederates approached: Philip M. Cole, Civil War Artillery at Gettysburg: Organization, Equipment, Ammunition and Tactics (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 132.
599 “I soon began to meet”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 265.
600 “When a mounted officer began”: Ibid., 268.
601 “There are the guns, boys”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 128.
601 “Too bad!”: Ibid., 133–34.
601 “It’s all my fault”: Ibid., 136.
CHAPTER 11 Lee and Grant
603 “I hope,” he wrote: Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, July 8, 1863, Papers of Jefferson Davis, Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), Vol. 9, 266.
605 “I deeply sympathize”: Robert E. Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 100.
606 Markie corresponded with Lee: Frances Scott and Anne C. Webb, Who Is Markie? The Life of Martha Custis Williams Carter, Cousin and Confidante of Robert E. Lee (Berwyn Heights, Md.: Heritage, 2007), 41.
607 Having fallen “in love”: Ibid., 133.
607 But if Lee thought he was well rid: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 114.
607 He came to visit the Lees: Scott and Webb. Who Is Markie? 148.
607 Agnes and Orton: Ibid.
608 “an indefinable air”: Ibid., 151.
608 When asked for his opinion: Ibid., 152–53.
608 Lee was said to be outraged: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 3, 213.
609 “Again and again”: Coulling, The Lee Girls, 125.
610 Freeman mentions that soldiers: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 243.
612 “Blessed be the Lord”: Ibid., 242.
613 a daily ration: Ibid., 248.
613 “Not only did [Lee] refuse”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 125.
613 “It has pleased God”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 217.
614 “more vigorous enforcement”: Ibid., 254.
614 At its lowest point: Ibid., 253.
615 General Beauregard wanted to concentrate: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 210.
615 Lee, possibly persuaded: Ibid., 211.
616 At first Lee planned: Ibid., 212.
617 Lee woefully underestimated: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), Vol. 1, text accompanying map 120.
617 Lee’s army was spread: Ibid., map 121.
617 As for Grant: Ibid.
617 “The Wilderness”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 212.
618 Colonel Vincent Esposito speculates: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 121.
619 The fighting was so fierce: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 280–81.
620 “a wrestle as blind as midnight”: Adam Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant: From April, 1861 to April, 1865 (New York: Appleton, 1882), Vol. 2, 113.
620 “The woods were set on fire”: Ulysses Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), 457.
620 As the flames spread: Mark Grimsley, And Keep Moving On: The Virginia Campaign, May–June, 1864 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 38.
621 This might have succeeded: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 284.
621 “His face was aflame”: Ibid., 287.
622 Beneath the calm exterior: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 480.
622 “that his line would be recovered”: Ibid.
622 Freeman is probably more correct: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 288.
622 By ten o’clock in the morning: Ibid., 290.
623 “Oh, I am heartily tired”: Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 298.
624 Thrown on the defensive: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 216.
624 “Sometimes they put this three days”: Ibid.; Theodore Lyman, Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman, David W. Lowe, ed. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2007), 99–100.
624 “this country is intersected”: Ibid.
624 “ably entrenched himself”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 218.
625 “He never brought me a piece of false information”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 327.
625 “A more zealous”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 125.
626 “I can scarcely think of him”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 327.
627 As one Union officer graphically described: Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Century, 1897), 111.
628 “We were in constant contact”: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 245.
629 “Lee was opposed to the final defense”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 130.
629 It is remarkable that Lee: Ibid., 127.
630 The dead were grotesquely bloated: Grimsley, And Keep Moving On, 38.
630 “he feared such an arrangement”: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, 343.
631 By June 13 Grant had bridged: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 137.
631 For all that, Grant managed: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 224.
632 “it will become a siege”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 398.
633 “He always tried to prevent them”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 132.
633 “But what care can a man”: Ibid., 140.
634 His aide Colonel Long: Ibid., 138.
634 Lee had been slow to recognize: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 222.
635 To quote the verdict: Ibid., 228.
635 “a crater twenty feet deep”: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, 612.
636 It was not only “a tremendous failure”: Frances H. Kennedy, ed., The Civil War Battlefield Guide (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), 356.
636 Even the retreat: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 260.
636 “was sorely tried and beset”: Ibid., 261–62.
637 “from the north side of the James River”: Ibid., 261.
637 On August 25 Hill attacked: Ibid., 262.
637 Colonel Taylor, like many others: Ibid.
638 “must have a decided peace candidate”: Ibid., 262–63.
638 Lee’s chaplain: A. L. Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee (New York: J. M. Stoddard, 1886), 387–88.
639 “his love for the lower animals”: Ibid., 388.
639 Lee’s only hope was to break free: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 228.
639 “It will be too late”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. 42, Part 2 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1893), 1230.
640 “a rich man’s war”: Gary W. Gallagher, The Confederate War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), 18.
640 He would eventually become: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 346.
641 “to regain strength and weight”: Coulling, The Lee Girls, 139.
641 Though he urged Mildred: Ibid., 140.
641 It is interesting to note: Ibid.
641 These brief glimpses: Ibid.
642 Lee’s nephew Major General Fitzhugh Lee: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 141.
643 Lee complained that he had requested: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 345.