Rudolf Carl Virchow: Medical Scientist, Social Reformer, Role Model. American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 12 (2006): 2104-5.
24 Schulz K. Rudolf Virchow und die Oberschlesische Typhusepidemie von 1848. Jahrbuch der Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Breslau. Vol. 19. Gottingen Working Group, 1978.
25 Weisenberg E. Rudolf Virchow, Pathologist, Anthropologist, and Social Thinker
26 Raspail F. Classification Generale des Graminees // Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Vol. 6. Paris: Libraire de lAcademie Royale de Medicine, 1825; см. также: Silver G. A. Virchow, The Heroic Model in Medicine.
27 Rather L. J. A Commentary on the Medical Writings of Rudolf Virchow: Based on Schwalbe's Virchow-Bibliographic, 1843–1901. San Francisco: Norman, 1990.
28 Virchow R. Cellular Pathology as Based upon Physiological and Pathological Histology: Twenty Lectures Delivered in the Pathological Institute of Berlin During the Months of February, March, and April, 1858. London: John Churchill, 1860.
29 Rather L. J. A Commentary on the Medical Writings of Rudolf Virchow.
30 О реакции Вирхова на проявления расизма: Virchow R. Descen-denz und Pathologic. Archiv f pathol Anat 103, no. 3 (1886): 413-36.
31 Rather L. J. A Commentary on the Medical Writings of Rudolf Virchow. yi Там же; см. также: Eine Antwort an Herrn Spiess. Virch. Arch. XIII.
A Reply to Mr. Spiess. VA 13 (1858): 481-90.
33 Подробности случая M. К. приводятся по результатам моего личного с ним общения в 2002 году. Имена и некоторые детали изменены из соображений конфиденциальности.
34 См. сайт Национального института аллергических и инфекционных заболеваний (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID).
35 Virchow R. Cellular Pathology.
1 Pennisi Е. The Power of Many. Science 360, no. 6396 (2018): 1388-91.
2 Redi F. Experiments on the Generation of Insects. Chicago: Open Court, 1909.
3 Там же; см. также: Nurse Р. The Incredible Life and Times of Biological Cells. Science 289, no. 5485 (2000): 1711-6.
4 Vallery-Radot R. The Life of Pasteur. Vol. 1. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1920.
5 Brock T. D. Robert Koch: A Life in Medicine and Bacteriology. Madison, WI: Science Tech, 1988.
6 Koch R. The Etiology of Anthrax, Founded on the Course of Development of Bacillus Anthracis (1876) // Essays of Robert Koch. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
7 Goetz T. The Remedy: Robert Koch, Arthur Conan Doyle, and the Quest to Cure Tuberculosis. New York: Gotham Books, 2014; см. также: Blevins S. M., Bronze M. Robert Koch and the ‘Golden Age’ of Bacteriology. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 9 (2010): 6744-51.
8 Koch R. Uber die Milzbrandimpfung. Leipzig, Ger.: Verlag von Georg Thieme, 1912.
9 Там же; см. также: Коен R. On the Anthrax Inoculation // Essays of Robert Koch. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
10 Semmelweis I. The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever.
11 Там же.
12 Там же.
13 Snow J. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. London: John Churchill, 1849.
14 Snow J. The Cholera Near Golden-Square, and at Deptford. Medical Times and Gazette 9 (1854): 321-2.
15 Snow J. On the Mode of Communication of Cholera.
16 Pitt D., Aubin J.-M. Joseph Lister: Father of Modern Surgery. Canadian Journal of Surgery 55, no. 5 (2012): e8~9.
17 Bosch F., Rosich L. The Contributions of Paul Ehrlich to Pharmacology: A Tribute on the Occasion of the Centenary of His Nobel Prize. Pharmacology 82, no. 3 (2008): 171-9.
18 Tan S. Y, Tatsumura Y. Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of Penicillin. Singapore Medical Journal 56, no. 7 (2015): 366-7.
19 Woodruff H. B. Selman A. Waksman, Winner of the 1952Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 1 (2014): 2–8.
20 Yong E. I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life. New York: Ecco, 2016. [Йонг Э. Как микробы управляют нами. М.: Кладезь, 2017.]
21 Из интервью с Франсиско Марти, февраль 2018.
22 WoeseC.R., Fox G.E. Phylogenetic Structure of the Prokaryotic Domain: The Primary Kingdoms. PNAS 74, no. 11 (1977): 5088-90.
23 Woese C. R. et al. Towards a Natural System of Organisms: Proposal for the Domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. PNAS 87, no. 12 (1990): 4576-9.
24 Mayr E. Two Empires or Three? PNAS 95, no. 17 (1998): 9720-3.
25 Morell V. Microbiology's Scarred Revolutionary. Science 276, no. 5313 (1997): 699–702.
26 Lane N. The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life. New York: WW Norton, 2015. [Лейн H. Вопрос жизни. M.: Corpus, 2018.]
27 Szostak J. et al. Synthesizing Life. Nature 409 (2001): 387-90.
28 Zhu T. F., Szostak J. W Coupled Growth and Division of Model Protocell Membranes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, no. 15 (2009): 5705-13.
29 Lane N. The Vital Question.
30 Staley J. T., Caetano-Anolles G. Archaea-First and the Co-Evolutionary Diversification of Domains of Life. BioEssays 40, no. 8 (2018): 61800036; см. также: BioEsssays: Archaea-First and the Co-Evolutionary Diversification of the Domains of Life. YouTube, 8:52, WBLifeSciences.
31 Lane N. The Vital Question.
Часть вторая. Одна и много
1 Wolpert L. How We Live and Why We Die: The Secret Lives of Cells. New York: WW Norton, 2009.
2 Речь Джорджа Паладе на нобелевском банкете ю декабря 1974. Nobelprize.org.
3 Rather L. J. A Commentary on the Medical Writings of Rudolf Virchow.
4 Overton E. Uber die osmotischen Eigenschaften derleben-den Pflanzen-und Tierzelle. Zurich: Fasi & Beer, 1895; см. также: Overton E. Uber die allgemeinen osmotischen Eigenschaften der Zelle, ihre vermutlichen Ursachen und ihre Bedeutungfiir die Physiologic. Zurich: Fasi & Beer, 1899; Overton E. The Probable Origin and Physiological Significance of Cellular Osmotic Properties // Papers on Biological Membrane Structure. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968; Lombard J. Once upon a Time the Cell Membranes: i/j Years of Cell Boundary Research. Biology Direct 9, no. 32 (2014).
5 Gorter E., Grendel F. On В imolecular Layers of Lipoids on the Chromocytes of the Blood. Journal of Experimental Medicine 41, no. 4 (1925): 439-43.
6 Singer S., Nicols on G. The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Structure of Cell Membranes. Science 175, no. 4023 (1972): 720-31.
7 Weiner O. D. et al. Spatial Control of Actin Polymerization During Neutrophil Chemotaxis. Nature Cell Biology 1, no. 2 (1999): 75–81.
8 Jamieson J. D. A Tribute to George E. Palade. Journal of Clinical Investigation 118, no. 11 (2008): 3517-8.
9 Altmann R. Die Elementarorganismen und ihre Beziehungen zu den Zellen. Leipzig, Ger.: Verlag von Veit, 1890.
10 Sagan L. On the Origin of Mitosing Cells. Journal of Theoretical Biology 14, no. 3 (1967): 225-74.
11 Lane N. The Vital Question.
12 Rabinowitch E. I. Photosynthesis – Historical Development of Scientific Interpretation and Significance of the Process // The Physical and Economic Foundation of Natural Resources: I. Photosynthesis – Basic Features of the Process. Washington, DC: Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, House of Representatives, United States Congress, 1952.
13 Pollack A. George Palade, Nobel Winner for Work Inspiring Modern Cell Biology, Dies at 93. New York Times, 2008.
14 Из личной беседы с Полом Грингардом в феврале 2019 года.
15 Там же; см. также: Palade G. Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Secretion. Nobel Lecture, Stockholm, December 12, 1974.
16 Palade G. E. Keith Roberts Porter and the Development of Contemporary Cell Biology. Journal of Cell Biology 75, no. 1 (1977): D3-10.
17 Нобелевская лекция Джорджа Паладе 12 декабря 1974.
18 Palade G.E. Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Synthesis. Science 189, no. 4200 (1975): 347-58.
19 Sabatini D. D., Adesnik M. Christian de Duve: Explorer of the Cell Who Discovered New Organelles by Using a Centrifuge. PNAS 110, no. 33 (2013): 13234-5.
20 Starr B. A Long and Winding DNA. KQED, 2009.
21 Pederson T. The Nucleus Introduced. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 3, no. 5 (2011): aooo52i.
22 Bernard C. Lectures on the Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plants. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1974.
23 Rudisill V. B. Born with a Bomb: Suddenly Blind from Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2012.
24 Подробнее об этом заболевании: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (Sudden Vision Loss). Cleveland Clinic, 2021.
25 Wallace D. C. et al. Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Associated with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Science 242, no. 4884 (1988): 1427-30.
26 Rudisill V. B. Born with a Bomb.
27 Там же.
28 Lam В. et al. Trial End Points and Natural History in Patients with G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. JAMA Ophthalmology 132, no. 4 (2014): 428-36.
29 Yang S. et al. Long-term Outcomes of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. eBioMedicine (2016): 258-68.
30 Newman N.J. et al.