Почему мы едим то, что едим. Наука о том, как наш мозг диктует нам, что есть — страница 41 из 48

23. T. Kakeda et al., «Sweet taste-induced analgesia: an fMRI study», Neuroreport 21 (2010): 427–431.

24. A. B. Kampov-Polevoy et al., «Sweet preference predicts mood altering effect of and impaired control over eating sweet foods», Eating Behaviors 7 (2006): 181–187.

25. B. P. Meier et al., «Sweet taste preferences and experiences predict prosocial inferences, personalities, and behaviors», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102 (2012): 163–174.

26. M. Al’absi et al., «Exposure to acute stress is associated with attenuated sweet taste», Psychophysiology 49 (2012): 96-103.

27. «Testing the Acidity of Vinegar», Cultures for Health, http:// www.culturesforhealth.com/learn/kombucha/testing-acid-ity-strength-vinegar; «Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products», FDA/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, updated (последнее обновление) September 9, 2008, http:// www.vldhealth.org/pdf/environmentalPDF/foodPH2007.pdf.

28. Robert Perkins, «Why is that so sour? New mechanism for tasting discovered», USC News, December 23, 2015, http://news.usc. edu/90235/why-is-that-so-sour-new-mechanism-for-tasting-dis-covered; W. Ye et al., «The K+ channel KIR2.1 functions in tandem with proton influx to mediate sour taste transduction», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (2016): E229-238.

29. Jesus Diaz, «Sour Candy Is Almost As Bad For

Your Teeth As Battery Acid», Gizmodo, November

17, 2011, http://gizmodo.com/5860593/

sour-candy-is-almost-as-bad-for-your-teeth-as-battery-acid.

30. R. Wrangham, «Flavor in the context of ancestral human di-ets», Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience «Science of Human Flavor Perception», стенография конференции, отрывок, 2015.

31. M. Nakagawa, K. Mizuma, and T. Inui, «Changes in taste perception following mental or physical stress», Chemical Senses 21 (1996): 195–200.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ К СТР. 29–35

32. C. Noel and R. Dando, «The effect of emotional state on taste perception», Appetite 95 (2015): 89–95.

33. Nakagawa, Mizuma, and Inui, «Changes in taste perception».

34. T. P. Heath et al., «Human taste thresholds are modulated by serotonin and noradrenaline», Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006): 12664-12671.

35. M. Bertino, G. K. Beauchamp, and K. Engelman, «Long-term reduction in dietary sodium alters the taste of salt», American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36 (1982): 1134–1144.

36. M. Bertino, G. K. Beauchamp, and K. Engelman, «Increasing dietary salt alters salt taste preference», Physiology and Behavior 38 (1986): 203–213.

37. S. R. Crystal and I. L. Bernstein, «Infant salt preference and mother’s morning sickness», Appetite 30 (1998): 297–307.

38. S. R. Crystal and I. L. Bernstein, «Morning sickness: Impact on offspring salt preference», Appetite 25 (1995): 231–240.

39. L. J. Stein et al., «Increased liking for salty foods in adolescents exposed during infancy to a chloride-deficient feeding formula», Appetite 27 (1996): 65–77.

40. M. Leshem, «Salt preference in adolescence is predicted by common prenatal and infantile mineral-fluid loss», Physiology and Behavior 63 (1998): 699–704.

41. M. O’Donnell et al., «Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events», New England Journal of Medicine 371 (2014): 612–623.

42. A. Mente et al., «Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: A pooled analysis of data from four studies», The Lancet 388 (2016): 465–475.

43. Steven Reinberg, «Americans Still Eat Too Much Salt: CDC», Health-Day, http://consumer.healthday.com/public-health-informa-tion-30/centers-for-disease-control-news-120/americans-still-eat-too-much-salt-cdc-683236.html.

44. R. Herz, That’s Disgusting: Unraveling the Mysteries of Repulsion (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012).

45. G. Bell, and H-J. Song, «Genetic basis for 6-n-propylthioura-cil taster and supertaster status determined across cultures,» in J. Prescott and B. J. Tepper, eds., Genetic Variation in Taste Sensitivity (New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004).

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ К СТР. 35–39

46. J. E. Mangold et al., «Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans», Journal of Medical Genetics 45 (2008): 578–582.

47. M. D. Basson et al., «Association between 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and colonic neoplasms», Digestive Diseases and Sciences 50 (2005): 483–489.

48. A. Milunicova et al., «Hereditary blood and serum types, PTC test and level of the fifth fraction of serum lactatedehydrogenase in females with gynecological cancer (II. Communication)», Neoplasma 16 (1969): 311–316.

49. S. T. DiCarlo and A. S. Powers, «Propylthiouracil tasting as a possible genetic association marker for two types of alcoholism», Physiology and Behavior 64 (1998): 147–152; V. B. Duffy, J. M. Peterson and L. M. Bartoshuk, «Associations between taste genetics, oral sensation and alcohol intake», Physiology and Behavior 82 (2004): 435–445.

50. B. G. Oberlin et al., «Beer flavor provokes striatal dopamine release in male drinkers: Mediation by family history of alcoholism», Neuropsychopharmacology 38 (2013): 1617–1624.

51. M. Macht and J. Mueller, «Increased negative emotional responses in PROP supertasters», Physiology and Behavior 90 (2007): 466–472.

52. R. S. Herz, «PROP taste sensitivity is related to visceral but not moral disgust», Chemosensory Perception 4 (2011): 72–79.

53. C. Sagioglou and T. Greitemeyer, «Individual differences in bitter taste preferences are associated with antisocial personality traits», Appetite 96 (2015): 299–308.

54. K. J. Eskine, N. A. Kacinik, and J. J. Prinz, «A bad taste in the mouth: Gustatory disgust influences moral judgment», Psychological Science 22 (2011): 295–299.

55. R. S. Ritter and J. L. Preston, «Gross gods and icky atheism: Disgust responses to rejected religious beliefs», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47 (2011): 1225–1230.

56. K. J. Eskine, N. A. Kacinik, and G. D. Webster, «The bitter truth about morality: Virtue, not vice, makes a bland beverage taste nice», PLoS ONE 7 (2012): e41159.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ К СТР. 39–49

57. V. Erden et al., «Relation between bitter taste sensitivity and incidence or intensity of propofol injection pain», European Journal of Anaesthesiology 24 (2007): 516–520.

58. N. Kolble et al., «Gustatory and olfactory function in the first trimester of pregnancy», European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 99 (2001): 179–183.

59. M. A. Carskadon et al., «Circadian influences on smell and taste detection thresholds: Preliminary results from adolescents», Sleep 38 (2015): A67.

60. «Immune System Protein Regulates Sensitivity to Bitter Taste», Monell Center, April 21, 2015, http://www.monell.org/news/ news_releases/ TNF_bitter_taste.

61. P. Feng et al., «Regulation of bitter taste responses by tumor necrosis factor», Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 49 (October 2015): 32–42.

62. Jill U. Adams, «Taste Receptors in the Nose Help Fight Infections», Scientific American, August 19, 2014, http://www.scientificamer-ican.com/article/taste-receptors-in-the-nose-help-fight-infections.

ГЛАВА 2. ВКУСНО

1. «The Taste of Electric Currents», Improbable Research, http:// www.improbable.com/2014/01/15/the-taste-of-electric-cur-rents-part-1-of-2; «Johann Georg Sulzer», Wikipedia, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Sulzer.

2. См. L. M. Bartoshuk, «Taste», in J. E. Wolfe et al., eds., Sensation and Perception (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2014).

3. J. Prescott, «Effects of added glutamate on liking for novel food flavors», Appetite 42 (2004): 143–150.

4. Harold McGee, «On MSG and Chinese Restaurant Syndrome»,

Lucky Peach, Summer 2011, http://luckypeach.com/

on-msg-and-chinese-restaurant-syndrome.

5. N. Shigemura et al., «Genetic and molecular basis of individual differences in human umami taste perception», PLoS ONE 4 (2009): e6717– e6717.

6. David Nield, «Scientists Have Discovered a New Taste, and It Could Help Us Treat Obesity», Science Alert, July 21, 2015, http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-discovered-a-new-taste-and-it-could-help-us-treat-obesity.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ К СТР. 50–57

7. «FDA Approves Fat Substitute, Olestra», U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, https://archive.hhs.gov/news/ press/1996pres/960124a.html; «Olestra», Wikipedia, https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olestra.

8. «Essential Fatty Acids», Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine website, http://www.pcrm.org/health/health-topics/ essential-fatty-acids.

9. C. A. Running, B. A. Cr^^ijg, and R. D. Mattes, «Oleogustus: The unique taste of fat», Chemical Senses, published online (опубликовано онлайн) July 3, 2015; M. Y. IPqoiiH'o et ah. «The faUy acid translocase gene CD36 and lingual lipase influence oral sensitivity to faa fn obese subjects», Journal of Lipid Research 53 (2012): 561–566.

10. P. Platte et al., «Oral perceptions of fat and taste stimuli are modulated by affect and mood induction», PLoS ONE 8 (2013): e65006.

11. B. V. Howard et al., «Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial», Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (2006): 655–666.

12. S.K. Venn-Watson, «Increased dietary intake of saturated fatty acid heptadecanoic acid (c17:0) associated with decreasing ferritin and alleviated metabolic syndrome in dolphins»,