Cooke H. B. S. et Coryndon S. C. Pleistocene mammals from the Kaisio Formation and other related deposits in Uganda // Fossil vertebrates of Africa, V.2. London, Academic Press, 1970, pp. 109–224.
Crusafont M. Los jiráfidos fósiles de España // Memorias y Comunicaciones del Instituto Geologico, CSIC, Barcelona, 1952, V.8, pp. 1–239.
Danowitz M., Domalski R. et Solounias N. The cervical anatomy of Samotherium, an intermediate-necked giraffid // Royal Society Open Science, 2015, V.2, № 150521, pp. 1–17.
Danowitz M., Domalski R. et Solounias N. A new species of Prolibytherium (Ruminantia, Mammalia) from Pakistan, and the functional implications of an atypical atlanto-occipital morphology // Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2016, V.23, pp. 201–207.
Danowitz M., Hou S., Mihlbachler M., Hastings V. et Solounias N. A combined-mesowear analysis of late Miocene giraffids from North Chinese and Greek localities of the Pikermian Biome // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016, V.449, pp. 194–204.
Danowitz M., Vasilyev A., Kortlandt V. et Solounias N. Fossil evidence and stages of elongation of the Giraffa camelopardalis neck // Royal Society Open Science, 2015, V.2, № 150393, pp. 1–12.
Danowitz M., Barry J. C. et Solounias N. The earliest ossicone and post-cranial record of Giraffa // PLoS ONE, 2017, V.12, № 9, №e0185139, pp. 1–14.
Duranthon F., Moyà-Solà S., Astibia H. et Köhler M. Ampelomeryx ginsburgi nov. gen., nov. sp. (Artiodactyla, Cervoidea) et la famille des Palaeomerycidae // Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, Sér.IIa, 1995, V.321, pp. 339–346.
Erdbrink, D. P. B. A fossil Giraffine from the Maragheh region in N. W. Iran // Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, 1976, V.16, pp. 29–40.
Erdbrink D. P. B. Early Samotherium and early Oioceros from an Uppermost Vindobonian fossiliferous pocket at Mordaq near Maragheh in N. W. Iran // Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, München, 1976, V.16, pp. 41–52.
Erdbrink D. P. B. Fossil Giraffidae from the Maragheh area, N.W. Iran // Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, München, 1978, V.18, pp. 93–115.
Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America. Volume 1: terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals. Eds.: Jams Ch. M., Scott K. M. et Jacobs L. L. Cambridge University Press, 1998, 691 p.
Falconer H. et Cautley P. T. On the Sivatherium giganteum, a new fossil ruminant genus, from the Valley of the Markanda, in the Siválik branch of the Sub-Himálayan Mountains // The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Ser.3, 1836, V.9, № 53, pp. 193–201.
Fennessy J. Th. Ecology of desert-dwelling giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in northwestern Namibia. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Sydney, Sydney, 2004, 265 p.
Forsyth Major C. J. On the fossil remains of species of the family Giraffidæ // Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1891, V.1891, pp. 315–326.
Franz-Odendaal T. A. et Solounias N. Comparative dietary evaluations of an extinct giraffid (Sivatherium hendeyi) (Mammalia, Giraffidae, Sivatheriinae) from Langebaanweg, South Africa (early Pliocene) // Geodiversitas, V.26, № 4, pp. 675–685.
Frick Ch. Horned ruminants of North America // Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1937, V.69, 669 p.
Gasparini G.M., Dutra R.P., Perini F.A., Croft D.A., Cozzuol M.A., Missagia R.V. et Lucas S.G. On the Supposed Presence of Miocene Tayassuidae and Dromomerycinae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) in South America // American Museum Novitates, 2021, № 3968, pp. 1–27.
Geer van der A. A. E. Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species // Zootaxa, 2014, V.3847, № 1, pp. 1–32.
Geer van der A. A. E. The effect of insularity on the Eastern Mediterranean early cervoid Hoplitomeryx: the study of the forelimb // Quaternary International, 2008, V.182, pp. 145–159.
Geer van der A. A. E. The postcranial of the deer Hoplitomeryx (Pliocene; Italy): another example of adaptive radiation on Eastern Mediterranean islands // Proceedings of the International Symposium ‘Insular Vertebrate Evolution: the Palaeontological Approach’ September 16–19 Mallorca, 2003, pp. 325–336.
Geraads D. Les Palaeotraginae (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Miocène supérieur de la région de Thessalonique (Grèce) // Géologie Méditerranéenne, 1978, V.5, № 2, pp. 269–276.
Geraads D. Les Giraffinae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène supérieur de la région de Thessalonique (Grèce) // Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1979, V.1, № 4, pp. 377–389.
Geraads D. Sivatherium maurusium (Pomel) (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Pléistocène de la République de Djibouti // Paläontologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 1985, V.59, № 3/4, pp.311–321.
Geraads D. Remarques sur la systématique et la phylogénie des Giraffidae (Artiodactyla Mammalia), Geobios, 1986, V.19, № 4, pp. 465–477.
Geraads D. Un nouveau giraffidé du Miocène supérieur de Macédoine (Grèce) // Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Sér.4, № 11, 1989, section C, № 4, pp. 189–199.
Geraads D. Les gisement de mammifères du Miocène supérieur de Kemiklitepe, Turquie: 8. Giraffidae // Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Sér.4, № 16, 1994, section C, № 1, pp. 159–173.
Geraads D. Le Sivatherium (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Pliocène final d’Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc) et l’évolution du genre en Afrique // Paläontologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 1996, V.70, № 3/4, pp. 623–629.
Geraads D. Cervidae et Giraffidae // Geodiversitas, 1998, V.20, Le gisement de vertébrés pliocènes de Çalta, Ankara, Turquie, 9, № 3, pp. 455–465.
Geraads D. Giraffidae (Mammalia) de la fin du Néogène de la République de Macédoine (ARYM) // Geodiversitas, 2009, V.31, pp. 893–909.
Geraads D. et Aslan F. Giraffidae from the Middle Miocene hominoid locality of Çandir (Turkey) // Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 2003, V.240, pp.201–209.
Geraads D. et Güleç E. A Bramatherium skull (Giraffidae, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Kavakdere (Central Turkey). Biogeographic and phylogenetic implications // Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 1999, V.121, pp. 51–56.
Geraads D., Bouvrain G. et Sudre J. Relations phylétiques de Bachitherium Filhol, ruminant de l’Oligocène d’Europe occidentale // Palaeovertebrara, Montpellier, 1987, V.17, № 2, pp. 43–73.
Geraads D., Spassov N. et Kovachev D. Giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Kalimantsi and Hadjidimovo, Southwestern Bulgaria // Geologica Balcanica, Sofia, 2005, V.35, № 1–2, pp. 11–18.
Geraads D., Reed K. et Bobe R. Pliocene Giraffidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation of Hadar and Ledi-Geraru, Lower Awash, Ethiopia // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2013, V.33, № 2, pp. 470–481.
Ginsburg L. Systématique et évolution du genre Miocène Palaeomeryx (Artiodactyla, Giraffoidea) en Europe // Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, Sér.II, 1985, V.301, pp. 1075–1078.
Ginsburg L. Remarques sur la systématique des Palaeomerycidae (Cervoidea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) d’Europe // Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes, 1999, V.329, pp. 757–762.
Godina A. Ya. On new finds of Sivatheriinae on the territory of the USSR // Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 1977, V.20, Jurij Alexandrovich Orlov memorial number, pp. 21–25.
Graic J.-M., Peruffo A., Ballarin C. et Cozzi B. The brain of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis): surface configuration, encephalization quotient, and analysis of the existing literature // The Anatomical Record, 2017, V.300, pp. 1502–1511.
Grossman A. et Solounias N. New fossils of Giraffoidea (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the Lothidok Formation (Kalodirr Member, Early Miocene, West Turkana, Kenya) contribute to our understanding of early giraffoid diversity // Zitteliana B, 2014, V.32, pp. 1–8.
Guan J. E. A. The study on Shansitherium from Fugu, Shaanxi // Memoirs of Beijing Natural History Museum, 1998, V.56, pp. 125–131.
Hall A. S. et Cote S. Ruminant mesowear reveals consistently browse-dominated diets throughout the early and middle Miocene of eastern Africa // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2021, V.567, № 110253, pp. 1–13.
Hamilton W. R. The Lower Miocene ruminants of Gebel Zelten, Libya // Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geolo gy, 1973, V.21, pp. 73–150.
Hamilton W. R. Fossil giraffes from the Miocene of Africa and a revision of the phylogeny of the Giraffoidea // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser.B, Biological Sciences, 1978, V.283, № 996, pp. 165–229.
Harris J. M. Orientation and variability in the ossicones of African Sivatheriinae (Mammalia: Giraffidae) // Annals of the South African Museum, 1974, V.65, № 6, pp. 189–198.
Harris J. M. Pliocene Giraffoidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Cape Province // Annals of the South African Museum, 1976, V.69, pp. 325–353.
Hassanin A., Ropiquet A., Gourmand A.-L., Chardonnet B. et Rigoulet J. Mitochondrial DNA variability in Giraffa camelopardalis: consequences for taxonomy, phylogeography and conservation of giraffes in West and Central Africa // Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2007, V.330, pp. 265–274.
Heintz E., Brunet M. et Sen S. Un nouveau giraffidé du Miocène supérieur d’Irak,