Bohlinia attica) from the late Miocene Maragheh 1 fauna, Northwest Iran // Geobios, 2019, V.53, № 4, pp. 23–34.
Parizad E., Mirzaie Ataabadi M., Mashkour M. et Kostopoulos D. S. Samotherium Major, 1888 (Giraffidae) skulls from the late Miocene Maragheh fauna (Iran) and the validity of Alcicephalus Rodler & Weithofer, 1890 // Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2020, V.19, № 9, pp. 153–172.
Petzold A. et Hassanin A. A comparative approach for species delimitation based on multiple methods of multi-locus DNA sequence analysis: a case study of the genus Giraffa (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) // PLoS ONE, 2020, V.15, № 2, №e0217956, pp. 1–28.
Pickford M., Attia You.S. et Abd El Ghany M. S. Discovery of Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg, 1961 (Artiodactyla, Climacoceratidae) in Egypt // Geodiversitas, 2001, V.23, № 4, pp. 647–652.
Pilgrim G. E. Notices of new mammalian genera and species from the Tertiaries of India // Records of the Geological Survey of India, 1910, V.40, pp. 63–71.
Pilgrim G. E. The fossil Giraffidae of India // Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, New Ser., 1911, V.4, pp. 1–29.
Pomel A. Sur le Libytherium maurusium, grand ruminant du terrain Pliocène plaisancien d’Algérie // Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 1892, V.115, pp. 100–102.
Prothero D. R. et Liter M. R. Systematics of the dromomerycines and aletomerycines (Artiodactyla: Palaeomerycidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of North America // New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 2008, V.44, Neogene Mammals, pp. 273–298.
Ríos M. et Morales J. A new skull of Decennatherium rex Ríos, Sánchez and Morales, 2017 from Batallones-4 (upper Vallesian, MN10, Madrid, Spain) // Palaeontologia Electronica, 2019, № 22.2.vpc_1 pp. 1–16.
Ríos M., Danowitz M. et Solounias N. First comprehensive morphological analysis on the metapodials of Giraffidae // Palaeontologia Electronica, 2016, № 19.3.50A, pp. 1–39.
Ríos M., Sánchez I. M. et Morales J. Comparative anatomy, phylogeny, and systematics of the Miocene giraffid Decennatherium pachecoi Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora): state of the art // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2016, №e1187624, pp. 1–22.
Ríos M., Sánchez I. M. et Morales J. A new giraffid (Mammalia, Ruminantia Pecora) from the late Miocene of Spain, and the evolution of the sivathere-samothere lineage // PLoS ONE, 2017, V.12, № 11, №e0185378, pp. 1–59.
Ríos M., Danowitz M. et Solounias N. First identification of Decennatherium Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora) in the Siwaliks of Pakistan // Geobios, 2019, V.57, pp. 97–110.
Ríos M., Montoya P., Morales J. et Romero G. First occurrence of Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) in the Iberian Peninsula // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2021, V.41, № 3, №e1985507, pp. 1–14.
Robinson Ch. A. Giraffidae // Paleontology and geology of Laetoli: human evolution in context. Volume 2: fossil hominins and the associated fauna. Springer, 2011, pp. 339–362.
Roussiakis S. et Iliopoulos G. Preliminary observations on the metrical variation of Helladotherium duvernoyi and Bohlinia attica // 5th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology Thessaloniki, Greece, 14–20 April 2004, Ref: T8–23.
Rowan J., Locke E. M., Robinson J. R., Campisano Ch. J., J. G. Wynn et Reed K. E. Fossil Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Lee Adoyta, Ledi-Geraru, and Late Pliocene dietary evolution in giraffids from the Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia // Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2017, V.24, pp. 359–371.
Sabatier M. Les rongeurs du site Pliocène a hominidés de Hadar (Éthiopie) // Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier, 1982, V.12, № 1, pp. 1–56.
Samiullah Kh., Akhtar M., Ghaffar A. et Khan M. A. Giraffokeryx punjabiensis (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia, Giraffidae) from Lower Siwaliks (Chinji Formation) of Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon, Pakistan // Journal of Science and Technology MSU, 2012, V.31, № 1, pp. 9–24.
Samiullah Kh., Akhtar S., Yasin R., Fazal R. M., Raza M. A., Mahboob Sh., Al-Ghanim K. A., Al-Misned F. A. et Ahmed Z. A new discovery of a Giraffokeryx skull and associated fossil assemblage of ruminants from the Middle Miocene deposits of the Siwaliks // Historical Biology, 2021, pp. 1–25.
Sánchez I. M., Quiralte V., Morales J., Azanza B. et Pickford M. Sexual dimorphism of the frontal appendages of the Early Miocene african pecoran Prolibytherium Arambourg, 1961 (Mammalia, Ruminantia) // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2010, V.30, № 4, pp. 1306–1310.
Sánchez I. M., Cantalapiedra J. L., Ríos M., Quiralte V. et Morales J. Systematics and evolution of the Miocene three-horned palaeomerycid ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) // PloS One, 2015, V.10, № 12, №e0143034, pp. 1–31.
Sánchez I. M., Morales J., Cantalapiedra J. L., Quiralte V. et Pickford M. Propalaeoryx Stromer 1926 (Ruminantia, Pecora, Giraffomorpha) revisited: systematics and phylogeny of an African palaeomerycoid // Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 2018, V.19, pp. 123–131.
Sarwar M. A new species of the genus Giraffokeryx from Potwar Plateau, Pakistan // Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 1990, V.22, pp. 379–385.
Shi Q. Q. New species of Tsaidamotherium (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from China sheds new light on the skull morphology and systematics of the genus // Science China, Earth Sciences, 2014, V.57, № 2, pp. 258–266.
Shorrocks B. The Giraffe. Biology, ecology, evolution and behaviour. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, 223 p.
Semprebon G., Janis Ch. et Solounias N. The diets of the Dromomerycidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) and their response to Miocene vegetational change // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2004, V.24, № 2, pp. 427–444.
Singer R. et Bone E. Modern giraffes and the fossil giraffids of Africa // Annals of the South African Museum, 1960, V.45, pp. 375–548.
Sittert van S. J. Ontogenetic allometry of the postcranial skeleton of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), with application to giraffe life history, evolution and palaeontology. Submitte in partial fulfilment ot the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philisophy (PhD) in the Department of Production Animal Studies Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria. 2015, 158 p.
Sittert van S. J. et Mitchell G. On reconstructing Giraffa sivalensis, an extinct giraffid from the Siwalik Hills, India // Peer J, 2015, V.3, №e1135, pp. 1–29.
Solounias N. et Danowitz M. The Giraffidae of Maragheh and the identification of a new species of Honanotherium // Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2016, V.96, pp. 489–506.
Solounias N. et Danowitz M. Astragalar morphology of selected Giraffidae // PloS ONE, 2016, V.11, №e0151310, pp. 1–15.
Solounias N. et Jukar A. M. A reassessment of some Giraffidae specimens from the Late Miocene faunas of Eurasia // Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems. Springer, 2023, pp. 189–200.
Solounias N. et Tang N. The two types of cranial appendages in Giraffa camelopardalis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) // Journal of Zoology, 1990, V.222, pp. 293–302.
The evolution of artiodactyls: an essential reference for anyone working on artiodactyls. Eds.: Prothero D.R. et Foss S.E. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, 367 p.
Vislobokova I. et Daxner-Höck G. Oligocene – Early Miocene Ruminants from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia) // Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Vienna, 2002, V.103, Ser.A, pp. 213–235.
Urciuoli A., DeMiguel D., Moya-Sola S. et Rook L. New Hoplitomeryx Leinders, 1984 remains from the Late Miocene of Gargano (Apulia, Italy) // Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 2016, pp. 1–8.
Wang Sh.-Q., Ye J., Meng J., Li Ch., Costeur L., Mennecart B., Zhang Ch., Zhang J., Aiglstorfer M., Wang Ya., Wu Ya., Wu W.-Yu et Deng T. Sexual selection promotes giraffoid head-neck evolution and ecological adaptation // Science, 2022, V.376, № 1067, pp. 1–10.
Webb S. D. Pliocene pronghorns of Florida // Journal of Mammalogy, 1973, V.54, № 1, pp. 203–221.
Webb S. D. et Taylor B. E. The phylogeny of hornless ruminants and a description of the cranium of Archaeomeryx // Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1980, V.167, pp. 117–158.
Werdelin L. et Sanders W. J. Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, 2010, 986 p.
Xafis A., Mayda S., Grímsson F., Nagel D., Kaya T. et Halaclar K. Fossil Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Turolian of Kavakdere (Central Anatolia, Turkey) // Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2019, V.18, № 6, pp. 619–642.
Xafis A., Tsoukala E., Solounias N., Mandic O., Harzhauser M., Grímsson F. et Nagel D. Fossil Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late-Miocene of Thermopigi (Macedonia, Greece) // Palaeontologia Electronica, 2019, № 22.3.67, pp. 1–38.
Xafis A., Mayda S., Alçiçek M. C., Kaya T., Halaçlar K., Grímsson F. et Nagel D. Large giraffids (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the new late Miocene fossiliferous locality of Kemiklitepe-E (Western Anatolia, Turkey) // Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2021, V.101, pp. 853–867.
Zoboli D. et Pillola G. L. Early Miocene insular vertebrates from Laerru (Sardinia, Italy): preliminary note // Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 2017, V.123, № 1, pp. 149–158.