(Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1961), p. 213–14; H.A.R. Gibb, «Social Reform: Factor X», in Walter Z. Laquer, ed., Тле Middle East in Transition (New York, Praeger, 1958), p. 8.
(37) Luigi Barzini, The Italians (New York, Atheneum, 1964), p. 194.
(38) De Tocqueville, 2, 118; Edward С Banfield, The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (Glencoe, III., Free Press, 1958), p. 15.
(39) George С Lodge, «Revolution in Latin America», Foreign Affairs, 44 (Jan. 1966), 177; Pye, p. 38, 51.
(40) Daniel Lemer, Тле Passing of Traditional Society (Glencoe, III., Free Press, 1958), p. 438; курсив в оригинале.
(41) Robert A. Dahl, Who Governs? (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1961), p. 85–86.
(42) Karl W. Deutsch, «Social Mobilization and Political Development», American Political Science Review, 55 (Sept. 1961), 494.
(43) Об «эрозии демократии» и политической нестабильности см.: Rupert Emerson, From Empire to Nation (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1960), Chap. 5; и Michael Brecher, Тле New States of Asia (London, Oxford University Press, 1963), Chap. 2.
(44) См.: Banfield, p. 85 ff.
(45) Thomas Hodgkin, «Letter to Dr. Biobaku», Odu, No. 4 (1957), p. 42; цит. no: Immanuel Wallerstein, «Ethnicity and National Integration in West Africa», Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, No. 3 (Oct. 1960); David Abemethy, «Education and Politics in a Developping Society: The Southern Nigerian Experience» (unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1965), p. 307; курсив в оригинале.
(46) «Report on Preliminary Results of Cross-Cultural Study of Ethnocentrism», by Robert A. LeVine and Donald T. Campbell, Carnegie Corporation of New York Quarterly (Jan. 1966), p. 7.
(47) Feierabend, «Aggressive Behaviors», p. 258–262; Bruce M. Russett et al., World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1964), p. 273; Raymond Tanter and Manus Midlarsky, «A Theory of Revolution», Journal of Conflict Resolution, 11 (Sept. 1967); Raymond Tanter, «Dimensions of Conflict Behavior Within Nations, 1955–1960: Turmoil and Internal War», Papers, Peace Research Society, 3 (1965), 173.
(48) Выступление Роберта Макнамары в Монреале, Квебек, 18 мая 1966 г. (New York Times, May 19,1966, p. 11); Brecher, p. 62–63.
(49) Hayward R. Alker, Jr. and Bruce M. Russett, «The Analysis of Trends and Patterns», in Russett et al., p. 306–307. См. также: Ted Gurr with Charles Ruttenberg, The Conditions of Civil Violence: First Tests of a Causal Model (Princeton, Princeton University, Center of International Studies, Research Monograph No. 28,1967), p. 66–67.
(50) Harry Eckstein, «Internal War: The Problem of Anticipation», in Ithiel de Sola Pool et al., Social Science Research and National Security (Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution, 1963), p. 120–121.
(51) Feierabend, p. 263.
(52) Manus Midlarsky and Raymond Tanter, «Toward a Theory of Political Instability in Latin America», Journal of Peace Research, 4 (1967), 215. См. также обнаруженную Робертом Путнемом положительную связь между экономическим развитием (но не социальной мобилизацией) и военной интервенцией в Латинской Америке: «Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics», World Politics, 20 (Oct. 1967), 94–97.
(53) Bert Hoselitz and Myron Weiner, «Economic Development and Political Stability in India», Dissent, 8 (Spring 1961), 173.
(54) William Kornhauser, The Politics of Mass Society (Glencoe, III., Free Press, 1959), p. 143–44.
(55) William Howard Wriggins, Ceylon: Dilemmas of a New Nation (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 134–135,138-140.
(56) Kornhauser, p. 145 (курсив в оригинале); Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man (Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1960) p. 68 (курсив в оригинале).
(57) Conroe, «A Cross-National Analysis», p. 65–73, 86–87; Feierabend, p. 263–267.
(58) Cyril E. Black, The Dynamics of Modernization (New York, Harper and Row, 1966), p. 90–94.
(59) Tanter and Midlarsky, p. 272, где цит. готовящаяся к изданию кн.: Dimensions of Nations by Rummel, Sawyer and Guetzkow; Conroe, p. 66.
(60) Wriggins, p. 119, 245. Нестабильность на Цейлоне, измеренная с помощью индекса Файерабенда-Несволда-Конроу, выросла с 3:012 в 1948–1954 гг. до 4:089 в 1955–1962 гг.; см.: Conroe, Table 1.
(61) Gregory Henderson, Korea: The Politics of the Vortex (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, готовится к печати 1968), p. 170.
(62) Hoselitz and Weiner, p. 177.
(63) David Abemethy and Trevor Coombe, «Education and Politics in Developing Countries», Harvard Educational Review, 35 (Summer 1965), 292.
(64) Цит. в: Abemethy, p. 501.
(65) Deutch, «Social Mobilization and Political Development», p. 496.
(66) Mancur Olson, Jr., «Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force», Journal of Economic History, 23 (Dec. 1963), 532. Этот перечень дестабилизирующих последствий экономического роста взят в основном из статьи Олсона.
(67) Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution (Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1955), p. 173, 175–176; Crane Brinton, The Anatomy of Revolution (New York, Vintage, 1958), p. 264; Olson, p. 544–547; Tanter and Midlarsky, p. 272–274; Hoselitz and Weiner, p. 173 (цит. об Индии).
(68) См.: Samuel A. Stouffer et al., The American Soldier (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1949), I, 251–258, 275–276.
(69) Conroe, p. 65–69; Martin С Needier, Political Development in Latin America: Instability, Violence, and Evolutionary Change (New York, Random House), гл. 5.
(70) Eric Hoffer, Тле True Believer (New York, New American Library, 1951), p. 17; Daniel Gold-rich, «Toward an Estimate of the Probability of Social Revolutions in Latin America: Some Orienting Concepts and a Case Study», Centennial Review, 6 (Summer 1962), 394 ff.
(71) Эти термины использует Дейч (Deutsch, p. 493 ff.); James С Davies, «Toward a Theory of Revolution», American Sociological Review, 27 (Feb. 1962), 5 ff.; Feierabend, p. 256–262; Charles Wolf, Foreign Aid: Theory and Practice in Southern Asia (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 296 ff.; Tanter and Midlarsky, p. 271 ff.
(72) О связи между «потребностью в успехе» и коммунизмом см. в кн.: David С. McClel-land, The Achieving Society (Princeton, Van Nostrand, 1961), p. 412–413.
(73) Feierabend, p. 259; Wolf, Chap. 9; Needier, Chap. 5.
(74) См.: Davies, p. 5 ff.; Tanter and Midlarsky, passim; Martin С Needier, «Political Development and Military Intervention in Latin America», American Political Science Review, 60 (Sept. 1966), 617-18.
(75) Политика, кн. V, 3–4.
(76) Russett et al., p. 272.
(77) Bruce M. Russett, «Inequality and Instability: Relation of Land Tenure to Politics», World Politics, 16 (April 1964), 442–454.
(78) См.: Simon Kuznets, «Qualitative Aspects of the Economic Growth in Nations: VIII. Distribution of Income by Size», Economic Development and Cultural Change, 11 (Jan. 1963), 68; UN Social Commission, Preliminary Report on the World Social Situation (New York, United Nations, 1952), p. 132–133; Gunnar Myrdal, An International Economy (New York, Harper, 1956), p. 133.
(79) Kuznets, p. 46–58.
(80) Gustav F. Papanek, Pakistan's Development: Social Goals and Private Incentives (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 2–7, 67–72,176–178; Barbara Ward (Lady Jackson), Notes for Seminar, Harvard University, Center for International Affairs, March 11, 1965. См. также David Worfel, «The Philippine Elections: Support for Democracy», Asian Survey, 2 (May 1962), 25; John J. Johnson, The Military and Society in Latin America (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1964), p. 94–95.
(81) M.G. Smith, «Historical and Cultural Conditions of Political Corruption among the Hausa», Comparative Studies in Society and History, 6 (Jan. 1964), 194.
(82) M. McMullan, «A Theory of Corruption», The Sociological Review, 9 (July 1961), 196.
(83) Smith, p. 194; McMullan, p. 190–191.
(84) Nathaniel Leff, «Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption», American Behavioral Scientist, 8 (Nov. 1964), 132; курсив в оригинале.
(85) Colin Leys, «What is the Problem about Corruption», Journal of Modern African Studies, 3 (1965), 230.
(86) Leff, p. 137.
(87) Robert R. Alford, Party and Society (Chicago, Rand McNally, 1963), p. 298.
(88) Needier, Political Development in Latin America, Chap. 6, p. 15–16.
(89) Peter С Lloyd, «The Development of Political Parties in Western Nigeria», American Political Science Review, 49 (Sept. 1955), 695.
(90) George E. Taylor, The Philippines and the United States: Problem of Partnership (New York, Praeger, 1964), p. 157.
(91) Myron Weiner, The Politics of Scarcity (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 253. См. также статью: Joseph S. Nye, «Corruption and Political Development: A Cost-Benefit Analysis», American Political Science Review, 61 (June 1967), 417–427.
(92) Джеймс Харрингтон цитируется в кн.: Sabine, A History of Political Thought (rev. ed. New York, Henry Holt, 1950), p. 501.
(93) См.: Leff, p. 10–12.
(94) Henry Jones Ford, The Rise and Growth of American Politics (New York, Macmillan, 1858), p. 322–323.
(95) См. в главе 4 более детальный анализ такого рода переворотов и политики радикального преторианства.
(96) Аристотель. Политика, кн. 3, IV, 7.
(97) Sabine, р. 343.
(98) Kornhauser, passim; David С. Rappoport, «Praetorianism: Government without Consensus» (неопубликованная диссертация, Калифорнийский университет, Беркли, 1960); и Rappoport in Huntington, ed.,