30. E. Rummel, The Confessionalization of Humanism in Reformation Germany (Oxford, 2000), с. 144–149.
31. H. Louthan, The Quest for Compromise: peacemakers in Counter-Reformation Vienna (Cambridge, 1997).
32. R. Taylor, ‘Architecture and magic: considerations of the Idea of the Escorial’, in D. Fraser, H. Hibbard and M. J. Levine (eds), Essays in the History of Architecture presented to Rudolf Wittkower (London, 1967), с. 81–109 [89–97].
33. A. G. Kinder in Pettegree (ed.), Early Reformation, с. 225–229, 234.
34. R. W. Truman (ed.), Felipe de la Torre: Institucíon de un rey christiano (Antwerp 1556) (Exeter, 1979).
35. H. E. Rawlings, ‘The secularisation of Castilian episcopal office under the Habsburgs, c. 1516–1700’, JEH 38 (1987), 53–79 [64].
36. E. García Hernán, Francisco de Borja, grande de España (Valencia, 1999), особ. с. 165–175, 179–181.
37. P. Salazar de Mendoza, Vida y sucesos prosperos y adversos de don Fr. B. de Carranza y Miranda, arzobispo de Toledo (Madrid, 1788), sig. A 4rv. О сравнении Борромео: J. I. Tellechea Idigoras, Bartolomé Carranza de Miranda, Comentarios sobre el Catechismo christiano (2 vols, Madrid, 1972), i, с. 31. Я в долгу перед доктором Р. Трумэном за знакомство с этими источниками. О Борромео, см.: гл. 9, с. 471–476.
38. Naphy (ed.), Documents, с. 128.
39. T. Wanegffelen, Ni Rome ni Genève: des fidèles entre deux chaires en France au XVIe siècle (Paris, 1997); S. Carroll, ‘The compromise of Charles Cardinal de Lorraine: new evidence’, JEH 54 (2003), 469–483.
40. Naphy (ed.), Documents, с. 78.
41. W. MacCaffrey, The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime: Elizabethan politics 1558–1572 (London, 1969), с. 78–81.
42. Bireley, Refashioning, с. 53.
43. Carroll, ‘The compromise of Charles Cardinal de Lorraine’.
44. Совершенно противоположные повествования об этом инциденте, см.: D. Potter (ed.), The French Wars of Religion (Basingstoke, 1997), с. 47–49.
45. S. Broomhall, ‘“In my opinion”: Charlotte de Minut and female political discussion in print in 16th century France’, SCJ 31 (2000), 25–45 [44].
46. R. J. Knecht, Catherine de’ Medici (London, 1998), с. 114–115, 121–122, 126–127.
47. В этом рассуждении я многое почерпнул из публикации: A. Pettegree, Huguenot Voices: the book and the communication process during the Protestant Reformation (Greenville, NC, 1999). См. также: Pettegree (ed.), Reformation World, с. 120–126.
48. Примеры насилия со стороны католиков, см.: Potter (ed.), French Wars of Religion, с. 53–55, 57, также обсуждение в кн.: N. Davies, Society and Culture in Early Modern France (Stanford, 1975), с. 152–187.
49. Сравните замечания герцога Аластера: J. Decavele, De dageraad van de reformatie in Vlaanderen (1520–1565), JEH 28 (1977), 422–424.
50. A. Pettegree, ‘The exile churches and the Churches “under the Cross”: Antwerp and Emden during the Dutch Revolt’, JEH 38 (1987), 187–209 [196–197]; Pettegree (ed.), Early Reformation, с. 147.
51. Naphy, Documents, с. 81.
52. Pettegree, ‘Antwerp and Emden’, 191–193.
53. R. W. Truman and A. Gordon Kinder, ‘The pursuit of Spanish heretics in the Low Countries: the activities of Alonso del Canto, 1561–1564’, JEH 30 (1979), 65–94.
54. «Штатгальтер» – слово, смысл которого не так просто передать. Оно указывает на то, что обладатель титула получил свою власть от другого властелина, и этимологически восходит к тем же корням, что и слово «лейтенант»; его можно было бы перевести как «наместник».
55. Pettegree, ‘Antwerp and Emden’, 200.
56. Cunningham and Grell, Four Horsemen, с. 152.
1. Для сравнения: R. Peter (ed.), Bibliotheca Calviniana: les oeuvres de Jean Calvin publiées au XVI siècle. 3. Ecrits théologiques, littéraires et juridiques 1565–1600 (Geneva, 2000), с. 667–668.
2. K. Benda and L. Tardy (eds), Pierre Lescalopier Utazása Erdálybe [1574] (Budapest, 1982), с. 64, в описании Нойштадта (сейчас это Кристиан в Румынии) я в долгу перед Марией Крачун, указавшей мне на эту отсылку.
3. Об одном из важных французских инакомыслящих, Жане Морели, см.: P. Denis and J. Rott (eds), Jean Morély (ca 1524 – ca 1594) et l’utopie d’une démocratie ecclésiastique (Geneva, 1993).
4. R. Johnston in A. Pettegree (ed.), The Reformation of the Parishes: the Ministry and the Reformation in Town and Country (Manchester, 1993), с. 226.
5. Eisenstein, Printing Revolution, с. 82. Для сравнения: G. Parker, ‘The place of Tudor England in the messianic vision of Philip II of Spain’, TRHS 6th series 12 (2002), с. 167–222 [176].
6. J. H. M. Salmon, ‘Clovis and Constantine: the uses of history in 16th century Gallicanism’, JEH 41 (1990), 584–605 [596].
7. O’Malley, First Jesuits, с. 274–275, 278.
8. O. Grell, A. Cunningham and J. Arrizabalaga (eds), Health Care and Poor Relief in Counter-Reformation Europe (London, 1999): особенно см. вступление от редакторов и описание конкретных случаев.
9. D. MacCulIoch and P. Hughes, ‘A Bailiff’s list and Chronicle from Worcester’, Antiquaries Journal 75 (1995), с. 235–253 [248].
10. M. Bent, ‘Memento mei: polyphonic music in some 15th century commemorations for the dead’, неопубликованное исследование.
11. Illustrated in C. Valone, ‘The art of hearing: sermons and images in the chapel of Lucrezia della Rovere’, SCJ 31 (2000), 753–777 [764].
12. R. Johnston, ‘The implementation of Tridentine reform: the Passau Official and the parish clergy in Lower Austria, 1563–1637’, in A. Pettegree (ed.), The Reformation of the Parishes: the ministry and the Reformation in town and country (Manchester, 1993), с. 215–238 [229].
13. J. Bottin, Seigneurs et paysans dans l’ouest du pays de Caux, 1540–1640 (Paris, 1983), с. 269–271.
14. Bireley, Refashioning, с. 27.
15. D. Gentilcore,’ “Adapt yourselves to the People’s capabilities”: missionary strategies, methods and impact in the Kingdom of Naples, 1600–1800’, JEH 45 (1994), 269–295 [287–288].
16. Для сравнения: H. Kamen, The Phoenix and the Flame: Catalonia and the Counter-Reformation (New Haven and London, 1993), с. 149.
17. J. Craigie (ed.), The Poems of James VI of Scotland (2 vols, Scottish Text Society 22, 26, 1948, 1952), i, pp. xlviii – lxii, 197–259, 268–289.
18. J. Wormald, Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland 1470–1625 (Edinburgh, 1981), с. 145–146.
19. Личная беседа: Оуэн Чедвик.
20. Pettegree (ed.), Reformation World, с. 264–266, 269–271.
21. O. Grell, ‘Exile and Tolerance’, in Grell and Scribner (eds), Tolerance in the Reformation, с. 164–181 [174–179].
22. M. P. Holt, The French Wars of Religion (Cambridge, 1995), с. 94.
23. P. Marshall, ‘The other Black legend: the Henrician Reformation and the Spanish people’, EHR 106 (2001), 31–49 [39].
24. B. B. Diefendorf, Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in 16th century Paris (New York and Oxford, 1991), с. 91.
25. S. Carroll, ‘The compromise of Charles Cardinal de Lorraine: new evidence’, JEH 54 (2003), 469–483 [480].
26. S. Carroll, Noble Power during the French Wars of Religion: the Guise affinity and the Catholic cause in Normandy (Cambridge, 1998).
27. Об именах: P. Benedict, Rouen during the Wars of Religion (Cambridge, 1981), с. 104–106, 149–150, 256–260. О свадебных обычаях: P. Benedict, The Faith and Fortune of France’s Huguenots, 1600–1685 (Aldershot, 2001), с. 97–103, и гл. 16, с. 734.
28. Davies, God’s Playground, с. 183.
29. Kłoczowski, Polish Christianity, с. 102, 110; Davies, God’s Playground, с. 167.
30. Ibid., с. 375.
31. Ibid., с. 183.
32. Williams, Radical Reformation, с. 737, с незначительными изменениями.
33. Davies, God’s Playground, с. 413–425.
34. W. Keatinge Clay (ed.), Private Prayers put forth by authority during the reign of Queen Elizabeth (PS, 1851), с. 463–464.
1. R. W. Scribner, ‘Incombustible Luther: the image of the Reformer in early modern Germany’, PP 110 (Feb. 1986), 38–68, перепечатано в издании: Scribner, Popular culture and Popular Movements in Germany (London and Ronceverte, 1987), с. 323–353.
2. E. Wolgast, Die Wittenberger Luther-Ausgabe: zur Überlieferungsgeschichte der Werke Luthers im 16. Jahrhundert (Nieuwkoop, 1971).
3. R. Kolb, Martin Luther as Prophet, Teacher, Hero: images of the Reformer 1520–1620 (Grand Rapids, 1999), с. 53; восхваления Лютера от других гнесиолютеран: гл. 2.
4. P. M. Soergel, ‘The afterlives of monstrous infants in Reformation Germany’, in Gordon and Marshall (eds), Place of the Dead, с. 288–308 [292–293].
5. О Цвингли в 1526 году см. напр.: G. W. Bromily (ed.), Zwingli and Bullinger (Philadelphia, Library of Christian Classics 24, 1953), с. 218–222. О Кальвине см. выше, гл. 5.
6. K. Jensen, ‘Protestant rivalry: metaphysics and rhetoric in Germany c. 1590–1620’, JEH 41 (1990), 24–43 [24–25, 30].
7. S. Karant-Nunn, The Reformation of Ritual: an interpretation of early modern Germany (London and New York, 1997), с. 118–124; H. Hoston, ‘Irenicism and dogmatics in the Confessional age: Pareus and Comenius in Heidelberg, 1614’, JEH 46 (1995), 432–456 [448–449].
8. J. Bossy, ‘The German Reformation after Moeller’,