В одном недавнем исследовании было показано, что дети, которые начали посещать детский сад в возрасте младше 2,5 лет, в начальной школе (в возрасте 5–8 лет) имели меньшее количество эпизодов инфекционных болезней в сравнении с теми, кто ранее детский сад не посещал. Однако дети, начавшие посещать детский сад в возрасте 3,5–4,5 года, в начальной школе (в возрасте 5–8 лет) имели сходную заболеваемость с детьми, которые ранее детского сада не посещали.
В другом небольшом исследовании было показано, что дети, которые посещали детский сад, имели несколько более низкие шансы развития острого лимфобластного лейкоза – одного из самых частых злокачественных новообразований у детей – в сравнении с теми, кто детский сад не посещал. Снижение шансов развития острого лимфобластного лейкоза было прямо пропорционально количеству «ребенкочасов» (количество детей в группе, умноженное на количество часов пребывания его в группе), проведенных в детском саду.
В целом главная польза от посещения детского сада состоит не в улучшении социального, речевого и когнитивного развития и не в снижении риска инфекционных заболеваний в более старшем возрасте, а в возможности родителей участвовать в социальной жизни, а также во многих случаях в приятном и интересном времяпрепровождении для детей.
Так стоит посещать детский сад или нет?
При принятии решения о посещении или непосещении детского сада и возрасте начала его посещения стоит ориентироваться в первую очередь на образ жизни семьи ребенка, предпочтения родителей и пожелания ребенка.
При наличии возможности выбора стоит отдавать предпочтение детским садам с небольшим количеством детей в группе и доброжелательным персоналом. Перед поступлением для снижения риска инфекционных заболеваний стоит провести необходимую вакцинацию.
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