С возрастом только лучше. Технологии успешного старения — страница extra из 57

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1

 Demos, V., & Jache, А. (1981) When you care enough: An analysis of attitudes toward aging in humorous birthday cards. The Gerontologist, 21, 209–215.

(Здесь и далее — авторские примечания)

2

 Alter, A. L., & Hershfield, H. E. (2014). People search for meaning when they approach a new decade in chronological age. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 17066-17070.

3

 Fell, J. (2012, May). 5 Questions: Elaine LaLanne. Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/26/ealth/ la-he-five-questions-lalanne-20120526

4

 Pew Research Center (2009). Growing old in America: Expectation vs. reality, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/06/29/ growing-old-in-america-expectations-vs-reality

5

 Survey shows what boomers and seniors like to be called: By their name! CNN iReport. December 5, 2013. http://ireport. cnn. com/docs/DOC-1066224

6

 Graham, J. (2012, April 19). The new old age caring and coping: „Elderly" no more. New York Times.https://newoldage. blogs, nytimes. com/2012/04/19/elderly-no-more/?_r=o

7

 Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging: The MacArtur Foundation Study. New York: Pantheon.

8

 Cosco, T. D., Prina, A. M., Perales, J., Stephan, В. C., & Brayne, C. (2014). Operational definitions of successful aging: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 26. 373–381.

9

 Merle. A. (2016, April 14). The reading habits of ultrasuccessful people. Huffington Post.http://www.huffingtonpost. com/andrew-merle/the-reading-habits-of-ult_b_9688130.html

10

 Jeune, В., Robine, J.-M., Young, R., Desjardins, B., Skyt-the, A., & Vaupel, J. W. (2010). Jeanne Calment and her successors. Biographical notes on the longest living humans. In H. Maier, J. Gampe, B. Jeune, J. W. Vaupel, & J.-M. Robine (Eds.), Supercentenarians (285–323). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

11

 Olshansky, S. J. (2011). Aging of US presidents. Journal of the American Medical Association, 306, 2328–2329.

12

http://musicvaultz.com/tag/pete-townshend

13

 Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., & Chalabaev, A. (2011). Subjective health and memory self-efficacy as mediators in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 15, 428–436; Stephan, Y., Chalabaev, A., Kotter-Grhn, D., & Jaconelli, A. (2013). „Feeling younger, being stronger": An experimental study of subjective age and physical functioning among older adults. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68, 1–7; Kotter-Grhn, D., Kleinspehn-Am-merlahn, A., Gerstorf, D., & Smith, J. (2009). Self-percep-tions of aging predict mortality and change with approaching death: 16-year longitudinal results from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 24, 654–667.

14

 Rubin, D. C., & Berntsen, D. (2006). People over forty feel 20 % younger than their age: Subjective age across the lifespan. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 776–780.

15

 Возможно, для тех, кому нет сорока, дело обстоит совершенно иначе. Моему сыну скоро исполнится три, однако он регулярно сообщает окружающим, что ему скоро восемь. Я слышал также, что подростки иногда врут насчет своего возраста — например, пытаясь выдать себя за совершеннолетних.

16

 Elejalde-Ruiz, A. (October 12, 2011). How old you feel inside? Chicago Tribune,http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/ health/sc-health-1012-senior-health-emotional-age-20111012-story.html

17

 Dance, sing, just ‘keep moving,’ Dick Van Dyke tells seniors. An interview with Dick Van Dyke. Weekend Edition Sunday, NPR [National Public Radio], October 11, 2015. http://www. npr. org/2015/10/11/44 7591736/dance-sing-j ust-keep-moving-dick-van-dyke-tells-seniors

18

 Hsu, L. M., Chung, J., & Langer, E. J. (2010). The influence of age-related cues on health and longevity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 632–648.

19

 Hsu, L. M., Chung, J., & Langer, E. J. (2010). The influence of age-related cues on health and longevity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 632–648.

20

 Gerstorf, D., Hlr, G., Drewelies, J., Eibich, P., Duezel, S., Demuth, I…. Lindenberg, U. (2015). Secular changes in late-life cognition and well-being: Towards a long bright future with short brisk ending? Psychology and Aging, 30, 301–310.

21

 Эта книга фокусируется главным образом на психологии старения, но существует великолепный учебник, описывающий более сложные взаимодействия социальных, психологических и биологических факторов, которые влияют на старение: Whitbourne, S. К., & Whitbourne, S. В. (2010). Adult development and aging: Biopsychologic al perspectives. Hoboken, NJ: John Viley & Sons.

22

 В научных кругах имеет широкое хождение шуточка: «Множественное число от слова случай — данные». Она как бы подразумевает, что всякого рода отдельные случаи могут порождать ценные выводы, однако научное исследование куда убедительнее, если в нем учтено множество наблюдений, доступных для количественного анализа.

23

 Выражаю признательность д-ру Джею Бренману, сообщившему важные подробности насчет жизненного цикла дрозофилы и ее продолжительности жизни.

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 Впечатляющий пример такого продления жизни дрозофилы см. в: Ulgherait, М., Rana, A., Rera, М., Graniel, J., & Walker, D. W. (2014). AMPK modulates tissue and organismal aging in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Cell Reports, 8, 1767–1780.

25

 Schaie, K. W. (2005). What can we learn from longitudinal studies of adult development? Research in Human Development, 2, 133–158.

26

 Rnnlund, M., Nyberg, L., Bckman, L., & Nilsson, L. G. (2005). Stability, growth, and decline in adult life span development of declarative memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a population-based study. Psychology and Aging, 20, 3-18.

27

 Исследование Термана вкратце описано в книге Ховарда Фридмана (Howard S. Friedman) и Лесли Р. Мартин (Leslie R. Martin) (двух из тех ученых, которые проводили анализ по следам работ Термана) «The Longevity Project» [ «Проект „Долголетие"»]. В ней представлено множество неожиданных (и развенчивающих мифы) наблюдений и умозаключений по поводу тех факторов, которые влияют на то, насколько хорошо мы стареем и какие типы людей «хорошо живут» даже в старости. Аналогичное исследование, но уже проводившееся на протяжении 30 лет, описано в: George Valliant, Aging Well.

28

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32

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40

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41

 Iacono, D., Markesbery, W. R., Gross, M., Pletnikova, O., Ru-dow, G., Zandi, P., & Troncoso, J. C. (2009). The Nun Study. Clinically silent AD, neuronal hypertrophy, and linguistic skills in early life. Neurology, 73, 665–673.

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47

 Примеры использования такого подхода см. в очень проницательной книге Карла Пиллемера, удачно озаглавленной «30 уроков для жизни» (Karl Pillemer, «30 Lessons for Living»). Пиллемер проинтервьюировал тысячу с лишним американцев старше 65 лет, стараясь получить от них практические рекомендации по всем вопросам нашей жизни, от семьи и детей до денег и карьеры.

48

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50

 Levy, B. R. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 332–336.

51

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 Stone, A. A., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Deaton, A. (2010). A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 9985–9990.

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 Mather, A., & Ponzio, A. (2017). Emotion and aging. In L. Feldman Barrett, M. Lewis, & J. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (319–335). New York: Guildford Press.

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 Моя бабушка Мириам Нович посвятила этому делу всю свою жизнь. См. ее книгу: Novitch, М. (1981). Spiritual Resistance: Art from Concentration Camps, 1940–1945. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. Подробности ее биографии, а также рассказ о ее главной миссии см., напр., в: Geva, S. (2015). „То collect the tears of the Jewish people**: The story of Miriam Novitch. Holocaust Studies, 21, 73–92.

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 Некоторые исследования позволяют предположить, что фотографирование музейных экспонатов вообще-то ухудшает запоминание вами этих объектов (Henkel, L. А. (2014). Point-and-shoot memories: The influence of taking photos on memory for a museum tour. Psychological Science, 25, 396–402). Однако другие работы, проводившиеся в той же области, показывают: если вы знаете, что информация где-то надежно записана, это высвобождает вашу собственную память для запоминания других вещей (Storm, В. С., & Stone, S. М. (2015). Saving-enhanced memory: The benefits of saving on the learning and remembering of new information. Psychological Science, 26, 182–188). Таким образом, ясно одно: использование высоких технологий в качестве подспорья для нашей памяти имеет свои плюсы и минусы.

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