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103 William T. Jackman, The Development of Transportation in Modern England (London: Frank Cass & со., 1966), 324–327; H. J. Dyos and D.H. Aldcroft, British Transport – An economic survey from the seventeenth century to the twentieth (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1969), 124–131; Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the 19th Century (Berkeley: Univeristy of California Press, 1986).
104 Подробное обсуждение беспрецедентного мира последних десятилетий см. в особенности Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Viking, 2011); Joshua S. Goldstein, Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide (New York, N.Y.: Dutton, 2011); Gat, War in Human Civilization.
105 ‘World Report on Violence and Health: Summary, Geneva 2002’, World Health Organization, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.who. int/whr/2001/en/whr01_annex_en.pdf. Уровень смертности в прежние эпохи см. Lawrence Н. Keeley, War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
106 ‘World Health Report, 2004’, World Health Organization, 124, accessed 10 December, 2010, http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf.
107 Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 21. See also Gat, War in Human Civilization, 129–131; Keeley, War before Civilization.
108 Manuel Eisner, ‘Modernization, Self-Control and Lethal Violence’, British Journal of Criminology 41:4 (2001), 618–638; Manuel Eisner, ‘Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime’, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research 30 (2003), 83-142; ‘World Report on Violence and Health: Summary, Geneva 2002’, World Health Organization, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_annex_en.pdf; ‘World Health Report, 2004’, World Health Organization, 124, accessed 10 December, 2010, http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf.
109 Napoleon Chagnon, Yanomamo: The Fierce People (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968); Keeley, War before Civilization.
110 О психологии и биохимии счастья полезно почитать: Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York: Basic Books, 2006); R. Wright, The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life (New York: Vintage Books, 1994); M. Csikszentmihalyi, ‘If We Are So Rich, Why Aren’t We Happy?’, American Psychologist 54:10 (1999): 821–827; F. A. Huppert, N. Baylis and B. Keverne, ed., The Science of Well-Being (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005);
Michael Argyle, The Psychology of Happiness, 2nd edition (New York: Routledge, 2001); Ed Diener (ed.), Assessing Well-Being: The Collected Works of Ed Diener (New York: Springer, 2009); Michael Eid and Randy }. Larsen (eds.), The Science of Subjective Well-Being (New York: Guilford Press, 2008); Richard A. Easterlin (ed.), Happiness in Economics (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub., 2002); Richard Layard, Happiness: Lessons from a New Science (New York: Penguin, 2005).
111 Kahneman et al., “A Survey Method for Characterizing Daily Life experience: The Day Reconstruction Method”, Science 3 (2004): 1776–1780; Inglehart et al., "Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness," 278–281.
112 D. M. McMahon, The Pursuit of Happiness: A History from the Greeks to the Present (London: Allen Lane, 2006).
113 Keith T. Paige et al., ‘De Novo Cartilage Generation Using Calcium Alginate-Chondrocyte Constructs’, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 97:1 (1996), 168-78.
114 David Biello, ‘Bacteria Transformed into Biofuels Refineries’, Scientific American, January 27, 2010, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=bacteria-transformed-into-biofuel-refineries.
115 Gary Walsh, ‘Therapeutic Insulins and Their Large-Scale Manufacture’, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 67:2 (2005), 151–159.
116 James G. Wallis et al., ‘Expression of a Synthetic Antifreeze Protein in Potato Reduces Electrolyte Release at Freezing Temperatures’, Plant Molecular Biology 35:3 (1997), 323–330.
117 Robert J. Wall et al., ‘Genetically Enhanced Cows Resist Intramammary Staphylococcus Aureus Infection’, Nature Biotechnology 23:4 (2005), 445–451.
118 Liangxue Lai et al., ‘Generation of Cloned Transgenic Pigs Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids’, Nature Biotechnology 24:4 (2006), 435–436.
119 Ya-Ping Tang et al., ‘Genetic Enhancement of Learning and Memory in Mice’, Nature 401 (1999), 63–69.
120 Zoe R. Donaldson and Larry J. Young, ‘Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and the Neurogenetics of Sociality’, Science 322:5903 (2008), 900–904; Zoe R. Donaldson, ‘Production of Germline Transgenic Prairie Voles (Microtus Ochrogaster) Using Lentiviral Vectors’, Biology of Reproduction 81:6 (2009), 1189–1195.
121 Terri Pous, ‘Siberian Discovery Could Bring Scientists Closer to Cloning Woolly Mammoth’, Time, September 17, 2012, accessed February 19, 2013; Pasqualino Loi et al, ‘Biological time machines: a realistic approach for cloning an extinct mammal’, Endangered Species Research 14
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122 Nicholas Wade, ‘Scientists in Germany Draft Neanderthal Genome’, New York Times, February 12,2009, accessed December 10,2010, http://www. nytimes.com/2009/02/13/science/13neanderthal.html?_r=2&ref=science; Zack Zorich, ‘Should We Clone Neanderthals?’, Archaeology 63:2 (2009), accessed 10 December, 2010, http://www.archaeology.org/1003/etc/ neanderthals.html.
123 Robert H. Waterston et al., ‘Initial Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of the Mouse Genome’, Nature 420:6915 (2002), 520.
124 ‘Hybrid Insect Micro Electromechanical Systems (HI-MEMS)’, Microsystems Technology Office, DARPA, accessed March 22, 2012, http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/MTO/Programs/Hybrid_Insect_ Micro_Electromechanical_Systems_percent28HI-MEMSpercent29.aspx. See also: Sally Adee, ‘Nuclear-Powered Transponder for Cyborg Insect’, IEEE Spectrum, December 2009, accessed December 10, 2010, http:// spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/devices/nuclearpowered-transponder-for-cyborg-insect?utm_source=feedburner8uitm_medium=feed&utm_ campaign=Feedpercent3A+IeeeSpectrum+percent28IEEE-i-Spectrumpe rcent29&utm_content=Google-i-Reader; Jessica Marshall, ‘The Fly Who Bugged Me’, New Scientist 197:2646 (2008), 40–43; Emily Singer, ‘Send In the Rescue Rats’, New Scientist 183:2466 (2004), 21–22; Susan Brown, ‘Stealth Sharks to Patrol the High Seas’, New Scientist 189:2541 (2006), 30–31.
125 Bill Christensen, ‘Military Plans Cyborg Sharks’, Live Science, March 7, 2006, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.livescience.com/ technology/060307_shark_implant.html.
126 ‘Cochlear Implants’, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, accessed March 22, 2012, http://www.mdcd. nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/coch.aspx.
127 Retina Implant, http://www.retina-implant.de/en/doctors/technology/ default, aspx.
128 David Brown, ‘For 1st Woman With Bionic Arm, a New Life Is Within Reach’, The Washington Post, September 14, 2006, accessed December 10, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-yn/content/article/2006/09/13/ AR2006091302271.html?nav=E8.
129 Miguel Nicolelis, Beyond Boundaries: The New Neuroscience of Connecting Brains and Machines – and How It Will Change Our Lives (New York: Times Books, 2011).
130 Chris Berdik, ‘Turning Thought into Words’ ВU Today, October 15, 2008, accessed March 22, 2012, http://www.bu.edu/today/2008/ turning-thoughts-into-words/.
131 Jonathan Fildes, ‘Artificial Brain “10 years away’”, BBC News, July 22, 2009, accessed 19 September, 2012, http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/8164060.stm.
132 Radoje Drmanac et al., ‘Human Genome Sequencing Using Unchained Base Reads on Self-Assembling DNA Nanoarrays’, Science 327:5961 (2010), 78–81; ‘Complete Genomics’ website: http://www.completegenomics.com/; Rob Waters, ‘Complete Genomics Gets Gene Sequencing under $5000 (Update 1)’, Bloomberg, November 5, 2009, accessed December 10, 2010; http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aWutnyE4S oWw; Fergus Walsh, ‘Era of Personalized Medicine Awaits’, BBC News, last updated April 8, 2009, accessed March 22,2012, http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/ health/7954968.stm; Leena Rao, ‘PayPal Co-Founder And Founders Fund Partner Joins DNA Sequencing Firm Halcyon Molecular’, TechCrunch, September 24, 2009, accessed December 10, 2010, http://techcrunch. com/2009/09/24/paypal-co-founder-and-founders-fund-partner-joins-dna-sequencing-firm-halcyon-molecular/.
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