Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (1985).
3. J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. 1, Attachment (New York: Random House, 1969); J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. 2, Separation: Anxiety and Anger (New York: Penguin, 1975); J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss, vol. 3, Loss: Sadness and Depression (New York: Basic, 1980); J. Bowlby, “The Nature of the Child’s Tie to His Mother”, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 39, no. 5 (1958): 350–73.
4. C. Trevarthen, “Musicality and the Intrinsic Motive Pulse: Evidence from Human Psychobiology and Rhythms, Musical Narrative, and the Origins of Human Communication”, Muisae Scientiae, special issue, 1999, 157–213.
5. A. Gopnik and A. N. Meltzof, Words, Toughts, and Theories (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997); A. N. Meltzof and M. K. Moore, “Newborn Infants Imitate Adult Facial Gestures”, Child Development 54, no. 3 (June 1983): 702–9; A. Gopnik, A. N. Meltzof, and P. K. Kuhl, The Scientist in the Crib: Minds, Brains, and How Children Learn (New York: HarperCollins, 2009).
6. E. Z. Tronick, “Emotions and Emotional Communication in Infants”, American Psychologist 44, no. 2 (1989): 112. См. также: E. Tronick, The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007); E. Tronick and M. Beeghly, “Infants’ Meaning-Making and the Development of Mental Health Problems”, American Psychologist 66, no. 2 (2011): 107; and A. V. Sravish, et al., “Dyadic Flexibility During the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm: A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Its Temporal Organization”, Infant Behavior and Development 36, no. 3 (2013): 432–37.
7. M. Main, “Overview of the Field of Attachment”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64, no. 2 (1996): 237–43.
8. D. W. Winnicott, Playing and Reality (New York: Psychology Press, 1971). См. также: D. W. Winnicott, “The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment”, (1965); and D. W. Winnicott, Trough Paediatrics to Psycho-analysis: Collected Papers (New York: Brunner/ Mazel, 1975).
9. Как мы уже видели в шестой главе и как продемонстрировал Дамасио, это ощущение внутренней реальности, как минимум отчасти, заложено в островке – структуре мозга, играющей центральную роль в связи между телом и разумом, работа которой зачастую оказывается нарушена у людей с хронической травмой в прошлом.
10. D. W. Winnicott, Primary Maternal Preoccupation (London: Tavistock, 1956), 300–5.
11. S. D. Pollak, et al., “Recognizing Emotion in Faces: Developmental Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect”, Developmental Psychology 36, no. 5 (2000): 679.
12. P. M. Crittenden, “Peering into the Black Box: An Exploratory Treatise on the Development of Self in Young Children”, Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology, vol. 5, Disorders and Dysfunctions of the Self eds. D. Cicchetti and S. L. Toth (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 1994), 79; P. M. Crittenden and A. Landini, Assessing Adult Attachment: A Dynamic-Maturational Approach to Discourse Analysis (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011).
13. Patricia M. Crittenden, “Children’s Strategies for Coping with Adverse Home Environments: An Interpretation Using Attachment Theory”, Child Abuse & Neglect 16, no. 3 (1992): 329–43.
14. Main, 1990, указанная публикация.
15. Main, 1990, указанная публикация.
16. Там же.
17. E. Hesse and M. Main, “Frightened, Threatening, and Dissociative Parental Behavior in Low-Risk Samples: Description, Discussion, and Interpretations”, Development and Psychopathology 18, no. 2 (2006): 309–43. См. также: E. Hesse and M. Main, “Disorganized Infant, Child, and Adult Attachment: Collapse in Behavioral and Attentional Strategies”, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 48, no. 4 (2000): 1097–127.
18. M. Main, “Overview of the Field of Attachment”, Указанная публикация.
19. E. Hesse and M. Main, 1995, Указанная публикация, стр. 310.
20. Мы рассматривали это с биологической точки зрения, когда обсуждали «оцепенение без страха» в пятой главе. S. W. Porges, “Orienting in a Defensive World: Mammalian Modifications of Our Evolutionary Heritage: A Polyvagal Theory”, Psychophysiology 32 (1995): 301–18.
21. M. H. van Ijzendoorn, C. Schuengel, and M. Bakermans-Kranenburg, “Disorganized Attachment in Early Childhood: Meta-analysis of Precursors, Concomitants, and Sequelae”, Development and Psychopathology 11 (1999): 225–49.
22. Ijzendoorn, Указанная публикация.
23. N. W. Boris, M. Fueyo, and C. H. Zeanah, “The Clinical Assessment of Attachment in Children Under Five”, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (1997): 291–93; K. Lyons-Ruth, “Attachment Relationships Among Children with Aggressive Behavior Problems: The Role of Disorganized Early Attachment Patterns”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64, no. 1 (1996), 64.
24. Stephen W. Porges, et al., “Infant Regulation of the Vagal ‘Brake’ Predicts Child Behavior Problems: A Psychobiological Model of Social Behavior”, Developmental Psychobiology 29, no. 8 (1996): 697–712.
25. Louise Hertsgaard, et al., “Adrenocortical Responses to the Strange Situation in Infants with Disorganized/ Disoriented Attachment Relationships”, Child Development 66, no. 4 (1995): 1100–6; Gottfried Spangler, and Klaus E. Grossmann, “Biobehavioral Organization in Securely and Insecurely Attached Infants”, Child Development 64, no. 5 (1993): 1439–50.
26. Main and Hesse, 1990, Указанная публикация.
27. M. H. van Ijzendoorn, et al., “Disorganized Attachment in Early Childhood”, Указанная публикация.
28. B. Beebe and F. M. Lachmann, Infant Research and Adult Treatment: Coconstructing Interactions (New York: Routledge, 2013); B. Beebe, F. Lachmann, and J. Jafe, “Mother-Infant Interaction Structures and Presymbolic Self- and Object Representations”, Psychoanalytic Dialogues 7, no. 2 (1997): 133–82.
29. R. Yehuda, et al., “Vulnerability to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adult Offspring of Holocaust Survivors”, American Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 9 (1998): 1163–71. См. также: R. Yehuda, et al., “Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Characteristics of Holocaust Survivors and Their Adult Offspring”, American Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 6 (1998): 841–43; R. Yehuda, et al., “Parental Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Vulnerability Factor for Low Cortisol Trait in Offspring of Holocaust Survivors”, Archives of General Psychiatry 64, no. 9 (2007): 1040 and R. Yehuda, et al., “Maternal, Not Paternal, PTSD Is Related to Increased Risk for PTSD in Offspring of Holocaust Survivors”, Journal of Psychiatric Research 42, no. 13 (2008): 1104–11.
30. R. Yehuda, et al., “Transgenerational Effects of PTSD in Babies of Mothers Exposed to the WTC Attacks During Pregnancy”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 (2005): 4115–18.
31. G. Saxe, et al., “Relationship Between Acute Morphine and the Course of PTSD in Children with Burns”, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (2001): 915–21. См. также: G. N. Saxe, et al., “Pathways to PTSD, Part I: Children with Burns”, American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 7 (2005): 1299–304.
32. C. M. Chemtob, Y. Nomura, and R. A. Abramovitz, “Impact of Conjoined Exposure to the World Trade Center Attacks and to Other Traumatic Events on the Behavioral Problems of Preschool Children”, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 162, no. 2 (2008): 126. См. также: P. J. Landrigan, et al., “Impact of September 11 World Trade Center Disaster on Children and Pregnant Women”, Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 75, no. 2 (2008): 129–34.
33. D. Finkelhor, R. K. Ormrod, and H. A. Turner, “Polyvictimization and Trauma in a National Longitudinal Cohort”, Development and Psychopathology 19, no. 1 (2007): 149–66; J. D. Ford, et al., “Polyvictimization and Risk of Posttraumatic, Depressive, and Substance Use Disorders and Involvement in Delinquency in a National Sample of Adolescents”, Journal of Adolescent Health 46, no. 6 (2010): 545–52; J. D. Ford, et al., “Clinical Significance of a Proposed Development Trauma Disorder Diagnosis: Results of an International Survey of Clinicians”, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74, no. 8 (2013): 841–49.
34. Family Pathways Project, http://www.challiance.org/academics/familypathwaysproject.aspx.
35. K. Lyons Ruth and D. Block, “The Disturbed Caregiving System: Relations Among Childhood Trauma, Maternal Caregiving, and Infant Affect and Attachment”, Infant Mental Health Journal 17, no. 3 (1996): 257–75.
36. K. Lyons-Ruth, “The Two-Person Construction of Defenses: Disorganized Attachment Strategies, Unintegrated Mental States, and Hostile/Helpless Relational Processes”, Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy 2 (2003): 105.
37. G. Whitmer, “On the Nature of Dissociation”, Psychoanalytic Quarterly 70, no. 4 (2001): 807–37. См. также: K. Lyons-Ruth, «The Two-Person Construction of Defenses: Disorganized Attachment Strategies, Unintegrated Mental States, and Hostile/Helpless Relational Processes”, Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy 2, no. 4 (2002): 107–19.
38. Mary S. Ainsworth and John Bowlby, “An Ethological Approach to Personality Development”, American Psychologist 46, no. 4 (April 1991): 333–41.
39. K. Lyons-Ruth and D. Jacobvitz, 1999; Main, 1993; K. Lyons-Ruth, “Dissociation and the Parent-Infant Dialogue: A Longitudinal Perspective from Attachment Research”,