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Список сокращений и обозначений
БС – безусловный стимул
ВНД – высшая нервная деятельность
ВП – вызванные потенциалы
ВПСП – возбудительные постсинаптические потенциалы
ВЭ – возбудительные элементы
ИМК – интерфейс мозг – компьютер
КИ – компьютерные игры
КТ – корректурные тесты
НКТ – наружное коленчатое тело
НЭ – нейроноподобный элемент
ПТСР – посттравматический стрессовый синдром
РФ – ретикулярная формация
ТПСП – тормозные постсинаптические потенциалы
ТЭ – тормозные элементы
УР – условный рефлекс
УС – условный стимул
УТ – условный тормоз
ЦНС – центральная нервная система
ЭВМ – электронно-вычислительная машина
ЭкоГ – электрокортикограмма
ЭРК – электрокожное раздражение конечности
ЭЭГ – электроэнцефалограмма.
About this book
Annotation. In the book results of long-term work of the author in the sphere of studying of material security of mental processes are stated, the reasons of need to know why to study inhibition of behavior of the person in our very hard time are considered. The author proves original idea of a disinhibition of activity of neurones of a brain as a basis of action of a reinforcement when forming active behavior and offers experimental and theoretical justification of the hyperpolarizing theory of internal inhibition. Use of this theory allows to approach in a new way a comprehension and norms and pathologies in work of a brain, its prophylaxis and correction. On the basis of the results received in the conditions of real training models the network from the neural network of excitative and inhibitory elements imitating work of a brain at recognition, generalization and naming of the shown symbols are built. The book contents will be useful for students and teachers, biologists, physicians, engineers and all present and to future researchers of mysteries of work of a brain.
INHIBITION BEHAVIOR
BY AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I.
WHY TO STUDY INHIBITION?
Resume. On the basis of systematization of a number of ideas of philosophers, physiologists, ethologists and the actual material about violation at people of instincts, by origin the general at us with animals, owing to incorrect understanding of freedom as permissiveness’s,
SHULGINA G.I.
excessive development of consumption, a hypertrophy of feeling of a property, and also about weakening of will to overcoming of adversity of life, the conclusion about need of training of inhibition in the course of formation of the identity of the person is made.
CHAPTER II
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS OF INHIBITION OF BEHAVIOUR
CHAPTER III.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PROOFS OF THE HYPER POLARIZING THEORY OF INTERNAL INHIBITION
1. A technique of experiments with simultaneous registration of behavior, EEG, VP and impulse activity of neurons
2. GENESIS OF SLOW FLUCTUATIONS OF POTENTIAL
Experimental data and mathematical simulation of a neural network were used to develop ideas concerning the origin of the rhythmicity of biopotentials and its involvement in information processing. Base¬line slow oscillations – the primate α – rhythm, µ – rhythm, the α-like rhythms of lower animals, the delta – rhythm of humans and animals, secondary components of sensory evoked potentials or responses to direct brain stimulation, and pathological epileptiform potentials – develops as a result of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The main inhibitory transmitter in the brain cortex is y-aminobutyric acid (GABA). EEG activation in the form of a decrease in the amplitude of baseline oscillations and the appearance of the stress rhythm in the theta band upon exposure to new or biologically significant stimuli is associated with a relative decay of inhibitory hyperpolarization processes. The cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems are substantially involved in the rearrangement of the neural activity associated with EEG activation. An enhancement of high-amplitude baseline oscillations and phasic activity of neurons, i.e., alternation of activation and inhibition of firing, which reflects a relative enhancement of hyperpolarization processes, restricts excitation propagation over brain structures and impedes the fixation of new information. As a result of the decay of the inhibitory processes, EEG activation is accompanied by a higher regularity of neuronal firing and a decrease in entropy in the time distribution of firing in the form of tonic or grouped (in the stress – rhythm) discharges. The resulting ordered streams of impulses transfer information, control its propagation, and ensure fixation and reproduction.
3. THE DISINHIBITION AS THE REINFORCEMENT BASIS WHEN TRAINING IN ACTIVE BEHAVIOUR.
Experiments performed on awake, non-immobilized rabbits demonstrated that, during development of a defensive conditioned reflex unconditioned stimulus (UCS) – electrocutaneous stimulation of the leg – reinforcement of a flashes – the conditioned stimulus (CS), not only evoked increased frequency of action potentials, but also shortened inhibitory intervals and attenuated post-inhibitory rebound in response to the CS as well as in baseline activity in the neurons of the neocortex and other brain structures. This disinhibition of neuronal activity after several CS-UCS pairings simulates by the effects of the CS, which becomes a signal for the reinforcement. Results of special experiments showed that the source of this disinhibitory effect is the reticular formation of the midbrain acting in conjunction with the cholinergic neurotransmitter system. The disinhibition results in increased orderliness in the time distribution of neuronal activity in the brain as result of shortening of inhibitory interval