49 Jean Twenge, The Associated Press, “The Mental Health Crisis Among America’s Youth Is Real-and Staggering,” WTOP (Washington’s Top News), March 14, 2019. https://wtop.com/national/2019/03/the-mental-health-crisis-among-americas-youth-is-real-and-staggering/
50 Clare Ansberry, “Why Teems Need a Sense of Purpose,” Wall Street Journal, Feb. 10, 2018 https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-teens-need-a-sense-of-purpose-1518264001.
51 Terry Lobdell, “Driven to Succeed: How We’re Depriving Teens of a Sense of Purpose,” Palo Alto Weekly, Nov. 18, 2011, https://ed.stanford.edu/news/driven-succeed-how-were-depriving-teens-sense-purpose
52 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Haper Perennial, 1990.
53 Susan Cain quote cited by Phyllis Fagell, “7 Strategies to Help Prepare Your Child for the Rapidly Changing Work World,” in On Parenting, May 22, 2018, Washington Post.
54 Paul Wiseman, “Teens Don’t Work Like They Used To,” Times Union, June 23, 2017, https://www.timesunion.com/business/article/Teens-don-t-work-like-they-used-to-11243834.php.
55 Jim Abbott with Tim Brown, Imperfect: An Improbable Life. NY: Ballantine, 2012, p. 22.
56 Jim Abbott with Tim Brown, Imperfect: An Improbable Life.NY: Ballantine, 2012, p. 271.
57 Jim Abbott with Tim Brown, Imperfect: An Improbable Life. NY: Ballantine, 2012, p. 225.
58 Jim Abbott with Tim Brown, Imperfect: An Improbable Life.NY: Ballantine, 2012, p. 29.
59 J. Gregory Hixon and William B. Swann Jr. “When Does Introspection Bear Fruit? Self-Reflection, Self-Insight, and Interpersonal Choices,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, no. 1 (January 1993): 3–43 as cited by Tasha Eurich in “What Self-Awareness Really Is (and How to Cultivate It), in Self-Awareness, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press, 2019, p. 29–30.
60 Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Vulnerable, but Invincible: A Longitudinal Study of Resilient Children and Youth. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
61 Jamil Zaki, The War for Kindness: Building Empathy in a Fractured World. NY: Crown, 2019, 178–182.
62 J. Block-Lerner, C. Adair, J. C. Plumb, D. L. Rhatigan, and S. M. Orsillo, “The Case for Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Cultivation of Empathy: Does Nonjudgmental, Present-Moment Awareness Increase Capacity for Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern?” Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 33, no. 4 (October 2007): 501–16. Myriam Mongrain, Jacqueline M. Chin, and Leah B. Shapira, “Practicing Compassion Increases Happiness and Self-Esteem,” Journal of Happiness Studies 12, no. 6 (December 2011): 963–81.
63 Mary Gordon, “Roots of Empathy Program,” Journal of Happiness Studies 12, no. 6 (December 2011): 963–81.
64 Reduces racism: Gordon Allport, The Nature of Prejudice (New York: Perseus Books, 1979), p. 434, and Andrew R. Todd, Galen V. Bodenhausen, Jennifer A. Richeson, and Adam D. Galinsky, “Perspective Taking Combats Automatic Expressions of Racial Bias,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100, no. 6 (June 2011): 1027–42. Samuel P. Oliner and Pearl M. Oliner, The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe (New York: Touchstone, 1992); Eva Fogelman, Conscience and Courage: Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust (New York: Random House, 2011).
65 PRWeb.com Newswire, “New Research from Momentous Institute Shows Empathy Predicts Academic Performance,” Digital Journal, October 13, 2014, http://www.digitaljour nal.com/pr/2252070; Saga Briggs, “How Empathy Affects Learning, and How to Cultivate It in Your Students,” informED, November 1, 2014, http://www.opencolleges.edu/au/informed/features/empa thy-and-learning/, accessed Nov. 23, 2014.
66 Daniel Goleman, “What Makes a Leader?” Harvard Business Review OnPoint, Summer 2014, pp. 24–33.
67 Kathy A. Stephen and Amy Baernstein, “Educating for Empathy,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 21, no. 5 (May 2006): 524–30.
68 Sara Konrath, Edward H. O’Brien and Courtney Hsing, “Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis,” Personality and Social Psychology Review, Inc 15, 2 (2011): 180–98.
69 J. M. Twenge and W. K. Campbell, The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York: Free Press, 2009.
70 Kevin Eagan, et al., The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2015, Cooperative Institutional Research Program at the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, 2015, https://www.heri.ucla.edu/monographs/TheAmericanFreshman2015-Expanded.pdf
71 2018: CIGNA U. S. Loneliness Index: Survey of 20,000 Americans Examining Behaviors Driving Loneliness in the United States, https://www.multivu.com/players/English/8294451-cigna-us-loneliness-survey/docs/IndexReport_1524069371598–173525450.pdf
72 V. Warrier, R, Toro, B. Chakrabarti, B. et al. “Genome-Wide Analyses of Self-Reported Empathy: Correlations with Autism, Schizophrenia, and Anorexia Nervosa.,” Transl Psychiatry 8, 35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398–017–0082–6
73 Brigit Katz, “If You’re Empathetic, It Might Be Genetic,” Smithsonian Magazine, Mar 13, 2018, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/if-youre-empathetic-it-might-be-genetic-180968466/
74 Sara Konrath, “Age and Gender Differences in Dispositional Empathy,” Psychology Today, Jun 30, 2013, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-empathy-gap/201306/age-and-gender-differences-in-dispositional-empathy
75 Jamil Zaki, “Empathy: A Motivated Account,” Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 6 (2014): 1608–47.
76 Alfie Kohn, The Brighter Side of Human Nature, p. 94.
77 Alfie Kohn, “It’s Hard to Get Left Out of a Pair,” Psychology Today, October 1987, pp. 53–57.
78 Victoria Rideout and Michael B. Robb, Ph.D., Common Sense, “Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences, 2018” Commonsense.org survey of 1,141 teens ages 13 to 17, Common Sense Media, Sept 10, 2018, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/news/press-releases/common-sense-research-reveals-everything-you-need-to-know-about-teens
79 Victoria Rideout and Michael B. Robb, Ph.D., Common Sense, “Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences, 2018” Commonsense.org survey of 1,141 teens ages 13 to 17, Common Sense Media, Sept 10, 2018, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/news/press-releases/common-sense-research-reveals-everything-you-need-to-know-about-teens
80 Jean M. Twenge, “Put That Phone Away-Now” The View, TIME, Aug. 1, 2019, 19–20.
81 “Controversy of the Week” THE WEEKS, Aug.9. 2019, p. 6.
82 Research led by Sara H. Konrath of University of Michigan at Ann Arbor involved seventy-two studies of college students collected over the past thirty years and was published online in Personality and Social Psychology Review. “Empathy: College Students Don’t Have as Much as They Used To, Study Finds,” ScienceDaily, May 29, 2010.
83 Eddie Brummelman, Sander Thomaes, Stefanie A. Nelemans, Bram Orobio de Castro, Geertjan Overbeek, Brad J. Bushman. “Origins of Narcissism in Children,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015; 201420870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420870112
84 R. Weissbourd and S. Jones. “The Children We Mean to Raise: The Real Messages Adults Are Sending About Values,” Making Caring Commons: The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2014.
85 John Gottman, Raising an Emotionally Intelligent Child. NY: Simon & Schuster, Aug 1998.
86 J. M. Twenge, T. E. Joiner, M. L. Rogers, “Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U. S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time,” Clinical Psychological Science Vol 6 Issue: 1, ages 3–17, Jan. 1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376
87 Michael Robb, “Tweens, Teens, and Phones: What Our 2019 Research Reveals,” Common Sense Media, Oct. 29, 2019, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2019
88 35 percent of 1000 teens in a 2005 national survey gave poor grades for listening cited in E. Portillo, “Teens Give Adults Low Grades on Ruling World,” Desert Sun, June 18, 2005, p A17.
89 F. J. Bernieri (1991). “Interpersonal Sensitivity in Teaching Interactions,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 98–103. Get higher grades H. Gehlbach, “Social Perspective Taking: A Facilitating Aptitude for Conflict Resolution, Historical Empathy, and Social Studies Achievement,” Theory and Research in Social Education, (2004b). 32, 39–55.
90 Inductive reasoning produces children who are better adjusted, based on research by Nancy Eisenberg, Richard Fabes, and Martin Hoffman, cited by Dacher Keltner, “The Compassionate Instinct,” in The Compassionate Instinct, ed. by Dacher Keltner, Jason Marsh, and Jeremy Adam Smith (New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 2010), pp. 13–14.
91 Virginia Slaughter, Kana Imuta, Candida C. Peterson and Julie D. Henry, “Meta-Analysis of Theory of Mind and Peer Popularity in the Preschool and Early School Years,” Child Development, 86(4), April 2015, V. Slaughter, K. Imuta, C. C. Peterson and J. D. Henry, “Meta-Analysis of Theory of Mind and the Peer Popularity in the Preschool and Early School Years,” Child Development 86, no. 4 (April 2015). Pp. 1159–74.
92 L. L. Verhofstadt, A. Buysse, W. Ickes, M. Davis, I. Devoldre, “Support Provision in Marriage: The Role of Emotional Similarity and Empathic Accuracy,” Emotion, 8, 2008,792–802.