6. “Part of Brain Replaced: That of Dead Infant Put in Cincinnati Man’s Head, First of its Kind,” Baltimore Sun, March 26, 1912; “Given Baby’s Brain,” Washington Post, March 26, 1912; “Brain of Still-Born Infant Used to Restore Man’s Brain,” Atlanta Constitution, March 27, 1912.
7. Harvey Cushing, “Medical Classic: The Functions of the Pituitary Body,” American Journal of the Medical Sciences 281, no. 2 (1981): 70–78.
8. Harvey Cushing, “The Basophil Adenomas of the Pituitary Body and Their Clinical Manifestations (Pituitary Basophilism),” Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 1, no. 3 (1932): 137–183; Harvey Cushing, The Pituitary and Its Disorders: Clinical States Produced by Disorders of the Hypophysis Cerebri (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1912).
9. Wouter W. de Herder, “Acromegalic Gigantism, Physicians and Body Snatching, Past or Present,” Pituitary 15 (2012): 312–318.
10. Cushing, The Pituitary and Its Disorders.
11. “Uglies,” Time, May 2, 1927.
12. John F. Fulton, Harvey Cushing: A Biography (Springfi eld, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1946), 304.
13. “Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ) Patient Version,” National Cancer Institute, 2016, http://www.cancer.gov/types/ pituitary/patient/pituitary-treatment-pdq.
14. V. C. Medvei, “The History of Cushing’s Disease: A Controversial Tale,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 84 (1991): 363–366.
15. Там же.
16. Cushing, “The Basophil Adenomas of the Pituitary Body.”
17. Fulton, Harvey Cushing.
18. Доктор Жиль Солитер, интервью автора.
19. Доктор Кристофер Джон Уол, интервью автора.
20. Christopher John Wahl, “The Harvey Cushing Brain Tumor Registry: Changing Scientifi c and Philosophic Paradigms and the Study of the Preservation of Archives,” medical school thesis in neurosurgery, Yale University, 1996.
Подробности убийства и судебного разбирательства позаимствованы из следующих источников: Simon Baatz, For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb and the Murder that Shocked Chicago (New York: Harper, 2008); Hal Higdon, Leopold and Loeb: The Crime of the Century (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999). Фрагменты судебных протоколов доступны на Famous Trials, сайте юридического факультета Университета Миссури – Канзас-Сити (http://famous-trials.com/leopoldandloeb) – и в архивах библиотеки Северо-Западного университета (http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/leoloeb/index.html). Обзор эндокринологии 1920-х годов взят из Julia Ellen Rechter, “The Glands of Destiny: A History of Popular, Medical and Scientifi c Views of Sex Hormones in 1920s America,” PhD thesis, University of California Berkeley, 1997. Информация о Луисе Бермане взята из статьи Christer Nordlund, “Endocrinology and Expectations in 1930s’ America,” British Journal for the History of Science 40, no. 1 (2007): 83–104.
1. Kathleen Drowne and Patrick Huber, The 1920s (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004), 25.
2. “Credulity About Medicines,” Manchester Guardian, October 8, 1925; Elizabeth Siegel Watkins, The Estrogen Elixir: A History of Hormone Replacement Therapy in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2007).
3. H. Maurice Goodman, “Essays on APS Classical Papers: Discovery of Luteinizing Hormone of the Anterior Pituitary Gland,” American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism 287 (2004): E818–829.
4. R. G. Hoskins, “The Functions of the Endocrine Organs,” Scientifi c Monthly 18 (1924): 257–272.
5. Richard J. Wassersug and Tucker Lieberman, “Why the Modern-Day Eunuch Remains Invisible,” British Medical Journal 341, no. 7769 (2010): 403.
6. Walter Cannon, Bodily Changes in Pain Hunger Fear and Rage (Charleston, SC: Nabu Press, 2010), 64.
7. Elizabeth M. Heath, “Glands as Cause of Many Crimes,” New York Times, December 4, 1925.
8. Louis Berman, “Psycho-endocrinology,” Science 67, no. 1729 (1928): 196.
9. Louis Berman to Ezra Pound, “Ezra Pound Papers 1885–1976,” 1925–1926, Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, YCAL MSS 43.
10. Louis Berman, The Glands Regulating Personality: A Study of Internal Secretion in Relation to the Types of Human Nature, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1928), 165.
11. Berman, The Glands Regulating Personality, 171.
12. Louis Berman, New Creations in Human Beings (New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1938), 18.
13. “16-Foot Men Held a Gland Possibility,” New York Times, December 16, 1931.
14. Drowne and Huber, The 1920s, 25.
15. Watkins, The Estrogen Elixir, 140; G. W. Carnick and Co., Organotherapy in General Practice (Baltimore: The Lord Baltimore Press, 1924).
16. Chandak Sengoopta, The Most Secret Quintessence of Life: Sex, Glands, and Hormones 1850–1950 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 70.
17. Louis Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands,” American Journal of Psychiatry 89, no. 2 (1932): 215–238.
18. Francis Birrell, “Book Review: The Glands Regulating Personality by Louis Berman,” International Journal of Ethics 32, no. 4 (1922): 450–451.
19. Elmer L. Severinghaus, “Review,” American Sociological Review 4, no. 1 (1939): 144–145.
20. Margaret Sanger, The Pivot of Civilization (New York: Brentano’s, 1922), 236.
21. H. L. Mencken, “Turning the Leaves with G. S. V.: A Trumpeter of Science,” American Monthly 17, no. 6 (1925).
22. Benjamin Harrow, Glands in Health and Disease (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1922).
23. Charles Benedict Davenport, “Research in Eugenics,” in Charles B. Davenport et al., eds., Scientifi c Papers of the Second International Congress of Eugenics, vol. 1: Eugenics, Genetics, and the Family (1923): 25.
24. William S. Sadler, “Endocrines, Defective Germ-Plasm, and Hereditary Defectiveness”, там же, 349.
25. Buck v. Bell, 274 U. S. 200 (1927), доступно в интернете по адресу: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/ 274/200/case.html.
26. Berman, The Glands Regulating Personality, 28.
27. Louis Berman, The Religion Called Behaviorism (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927), 41.
28. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands”; W. H. Howell, “Crime and Disturbed Endocrine Function,” Science 76, no. 1974 (1932): 8a–9a.
29. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands.”
30. Frank Berry Sanborn, ed., Basal Metabolism, Its Determination and Application (Boston: Sanborn, 1922), 104.
31. Berman, “Crime and the Endocrine Glands,” 10.
32. “Excerpts from the Psychiatric (“Alienist”) Testimony in the Leopold Loeb Hearing,” http://famous-trials.com/legacyftrials/LEOPLOEB/psychiatrictestimony.
33. Протоколы суда можно найти в Clarence Darrow Digital Collection, University of Minnesota Law Library, http://moses.law.umn.edu/darrow/trials.php?tid=1.
34. Karl Bowman and Harold S. Hulbert, “Nathan Leopold Psychiatric Statement,” доступно в интернете по адресу: http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/leoloeb/leopold_psych_statement.pdf, а также в “Loeb – Leopold Case: Psychiatrists Report for the Defense,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 15, no. 3 (1925): 360–378. “Loeb – Leopold Murder of Franks in Chicago May 21, 1924,” там же, 347–359, дается хронология событий.
35. Gert-Jan Lokhorst, “Descartes and the Pineal Gland,” in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2015), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/; Mark S. Morrisson, “‘Their Pineal Glands Aglow’: Theosophical Physiology in ‘Ulysses’,” James Joyce Quarterly 46, no. 3–4 (2009), 509–527.
36. Edward Tenner, “The Original Natural Born Killers,” Nautilus, September 11, 2014.
37. Higdon, Leopold and Loeb, 164.
38. Вердикт и приговор судьи Кейверли можно найти по адресу: http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/leoploeb/LEO_DEC.HTM.
Информацию о гормональных исследованиях 1920-х годов годов я взяла из Nordlund, “Endocrinology and Expectations in 1930s’ America”, Rechter, “The Glands of Destiny”, и Sengoopta, The Most Secret Quintessence of Life. Информация о жизни Штейнаха взята из Eugen Steinach and Josef Loebel, Sex and Life: Forty Years of Biological Experiments (New York: Viking, 1940) и Chandak Sengoopta, “Tales from the Vienna Labs: The Eugen Steinach – Harry Benjamin Correspondence,” Newsletter of the Friends of the Rare Book Room, New York Academy of Medicine, no. 2 (Spring, 2000): 1–2, 5–9. Более подробную информацию о Джоне Бринкли можно найти в R. Lee Alton, The Bizarre Careers of John R. Brinkley (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002) и Pope Brock, Charlatan: America’s Most Dangerous Huckster, the Man Who Pursued Him, and the Age of Flimfl am (New York: Broadway Books, 2009). Подробнее о Шарле-Эдуаре БроунСекаре читайте в Aminoff, Brown-Séquard.
1. Michael A. Kozminski and David A. Bloom, “A Brief History of Rejuvenation Operations,” Journal of Urology 187, no. 3 (2012): 1130–1134.
2. “Paris Scientist: Tells of Gland Experiments,” Los Angeles Times, June 5, 1923; “New Ponce De Leon Coming,” Baltimore Sun, September 16, 1923; “Gland Treatment Spreads in America,” New York Times, April 8, 1923; “Display Ad 205—No Title,” Los Angeles Times, June 5, 1923.
3. Hans Lisser to Dr. Cushing, July 19, 1921, in Yale University Medical School archives, HC Reprints X, no. 156.
4. См. https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8765