62
Parry G. John Locke. – N.Y.: Routledge, 1978. P. 5.
63
Lloyd Thomas D. A . Locke on Government. – London and N.Y.: Routledge, 1995. P. 3.
64
Haley K.H.D. The First Earl of Shaftesbury. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. P. 215.
65
Dunn J. The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the “Two Treatises of Government”.—Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969. P. 29, 212.
66
Kenyon J. P. Stuart England. – London: Penguin Books, 1978. P. 8.
67
Milton J. The Unscholastic Statesman: Locke and the Earl of Shaftesbury // Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683 /Ed. byj. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 180.
68
В период Реставрации Джордж Монк стал первым герцогом Албемарлем и членом Лондонского королевского общества (в 1665 г.).
69
См.: Seaward P. Shaftesbury and the Royal Supremacy // Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury: 1621–1683 / Ed. by J. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 64.
70
Примечательно, что сам Гилберт Вернет, ставший при Вильгельме III епископом Солсберийским, был избран в 1664 г. членом Лондонского королевского общества.
71
См.: Locke J. Political Essays /Ed. by M. Goldie. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. P. 360–365.
72
См.: Goldie M. Restoration Political Th ought // The Reigns of Charles II and James VII & II / Ed. by L. Glassey. – London: Macmillan Press, 1997. P. 22–23.
73
DunnJ. The Political Thought of John Locke: An Historical Account of the Argument of the “Two Treatises of Government”. —Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969. P. 46.
74
Tarlton C.D. The Exclusion Controversy, Pamphleteering, and Locke’s “Two Treatises”//The Historical Journal. 1981. Vol. 24. No. 1. P. 59–60.
75
Т.Харрис отмечает, что, по некоторым данным, шествие 17 ноября 1679 г., завершившееся сожжением чучела римского папы, собрало до 200 тысяч человек, т. е. 20 % жителей Лондона. См.: Harris Т. Restoration: Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660–1685.—London: Penguin Books, 2005. P. 186.
76
Harris T. Restoration: Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660–1685. – London: Penguin Books, 2005. P. 253.
77
SpurrJ. Shaftesbury and the Seventeenth Century // Anthony Ashley Copper, First Earl of Shaftesbury: 1621–1683 / Ed. by J. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 21.
78
LengT. Shaftesbury’s Aristocratic Empire // Anthony Ashley Copper, First Earl of Shaftesbury: 1621–1683 / Ed. by J. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 123.
79
Несмотря на то что Локк не входил в свиту бежавшего Шефтсбери, после смерти последнего именно он занимался в течение нескольких недель разбором оставшихся после него бумаг и даже скопировал некоторые рукописи в свои записные книжки. См.: Woolhouse R. Locke: A Biography. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. P. 180–181.
80
Scott J. England’s Troubles: Seventeenth-Century English Political Instability in European Context. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. p. 27–38.
81
См.: Knights M. Politics and Opinion in Crisis, 1678–1681.—Cambridge: Cam bridge University Press, 1994. P. 4–5.
82
См.: Glassey L. Shaftesbury and the Exclusion Crisis // Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683 /Ed. byj. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 226.
83
См.: Glassey L. Shaftesbury and the Exclusion Crisis // Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683 /Ed. byj. Spurr. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. P. 228–230.
84
См.: Harris I. The Mind of John Locke: A Study of Political Theory in Its Intellectual Setting. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. P. 52. Попем и Локк пострадали в материальном плане от гражданских войн: дом Попема был сожжен роялистами, а Локк потерял значительную часть своего состояния. См.: Woolhouse R. Locke: A Biography. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Blair W. Cromwellian Oxford //The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. IV /Ed. by N.Tyacke. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. P. 767.
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Beddard R.A. Restoration Oxford and the Remaking of the Protestant Establishment //The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. IV / Ed. by N.Tyacke. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. P. 804.
87
Ibid. P. 822m
88
См.: FeingoldМ. The Mathematical Sciences and New Philosophies //The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. IV / Ed. by N.Tyacke. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
89
Обширная переписка всегда вызывала подозрения властей, и, например, гартлибианец и секретарь Лондонского королевского общества Генри Ольденбург был даже обвинен правительством в «опасных планах и занятиях», что привело в 1667 г. к его заключению в Тауэр.
90
Полное название – «Office of Publike Addresse in Spirituall and Temporall matters». См.: Turnbull G.H. Samuel Hartlib: A Sketch of His Life and His Relations to J. A. Comenius. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1920. P. 53.
91
См.: Young J. Т. Faith, Medical Alchemy and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer, and the Hartlib Circle. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 1998. P. XI–X111, 86–87.
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Feingold M. The Mathematical Sciences and New Philosophies // The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. IV / Ed. by N. Tyacke. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. P. 430.
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Hunter M. Science and Society in Restoration England. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. P. 150.
94
Locke’s Travels in France, 1675–679: As related in his Journals, Correspondence & other papers / Ed. by J. Lough. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953. P. 60.
95
Sprat Thomas, Bishop of Rochester. The History of the Royal Society of London, For the Improving of Natural Knowledge. – London, 1667. R 349–350.
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Wilkins J. Of the Principles and Duties of Natural Religion: Two Books / Ed. with preface by John Tillotson. – London, 1675.
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Hunter М. Latitudinarians and the “Ideology” of the Early Royal Society: Thom as Sprat’s “History of the Royal Society” (1667) Reconsidered // Philosophy, Science, and Religion in England 1640–1700 / Ed. by R. Kroll, R. Ashcraft, P. Zagorin. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. P. 212.
98
Ibid. P. 218.
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Young J. Т. Faith, Medical Alchemy and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer, and the Hartlib Circle. – Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 1998. P. 52–57.
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Leng T. Benjamin Worsley (1618–1677): Trade, Interest and the Spirit in Revolutionary England. – Woodbridge: A Royal Historical Society, 2008. R 20–21. Помимо этого, «селитра» – ключевое понятие в теории «универсального азотистого духа»: «философская селитра», «философская соль», sal nitrum Рудольфа Глаубера и, по мнению Уорсли, источник всей энергии, в том числе и в органическом мире. Теорию Уорсли по этой причине часто называли «сельскохозяйственной химией»; сам Уорсли противопоставлял свою теорию энергии теории ван Гельмонта о «воде» как materia prima.
101
См.: Turnbull G.H. Samuel Hartlib: A Sketch of His Life and His Relations to J. A. Comenius. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1920. P. 48 и далее.
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Milton J.R. Locke at Oxford // Locke’s Philosophy: Content and Context / Ed. by G.A.J. Rogers. – Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. P. 36.
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Boyle R. New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, touching the Spring of Air, and its Eff ects, Made in the Most Part in a New Pneumatical Engine. – Oxford, 1660.
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Boyle R. Certain Physiological Essays, Written at Distant Times, and on Several Occasions. – London, 1661; 2nd edition 1669; Boyle R. Some Considerations touching the Style of the Holy Scriptures. – London, 1661; Boyle R. Some Considerations touching the usefulnesse of Experimental Natural Philosophy. – Oxford, 1663; Boyle R. The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes, Touching the Experiments whereby vulgar spagirists Are wont to Endeavour to Evince their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to be The true Principles of Things. – London, 1661; Boyle R. The Origine of Formes and Qualities, According to the Corpuscular Philosophy. – Oxford, 1666.
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GlanvillJ. The Vanity of Dogmatizing, Or Confidence in Opinions Manifested in a Discourse of the Shortness and Uncertainty of our Knowledge, And its Causes, With some Reflexions on Peripateticism; and an Apology for Philosophy. – London, 1661.
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Power H. Experimental Philosophy, in Three Books: Containing New Experiments, Microscopical, Mercurial, Magnetical, With Some Deductions, and Probable Hypotheses, Raised from Them, in Avouchment and Illustration of the Now Famous Atomical Hypothesis. – London, 1664.
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Hooke R. Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observation and Inquiries thereupon. – London, 1665.
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Van Helmont, Johannis Baptistae. Ortus medicinae; id est, initia physicae inaudita. Progressus medicinae novus, in morborum ultionem, ad vitam longam. Edente Francisco Mercurio van Helmont. – Amsterodami, Elzevir, 1648; Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste. Oriatrike, or Physick Refined: the Common Errors Therein Refuted, and the Whole Art Reformed Sc Rectified Being a New Rise and Progress of Philosophy and Medicine for the Destruction of Diseases and Prolongation of Life. – London, 1662.